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1

Soft Skills and Their Wage Returns: Overview of Empirical Literature

100%
Balcar J.
Review of Economic Perspectives
|
2014
|
vol. 14
|
issue 1
3-15
EN
Psychological traits, attitudes and soft skills represent factors whose effect on an individual’s wages has begun to be examined recently. Today, there is an extensive empirical body on wage returns to the first two factors, but still a relatively small one on wage returns to soft skills, such as communication, cooperation, leadership etc. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of empirical literature on wage returns to soft skills. It suggests that soft skills are connected with significant wage returns and contribute to closing the gender wage gap. The end of the paper focuses on a discussion on methodological approaches to measurement of soft skills and relevancy of their approximation by job characteristics (incl. suggestion of using tools of competency modelling for this purpose).
2

Supply Side Wage Determinants: Overview of Empirical Literature

100%
Balcar J.
Review of Economic Perspectives
|
2012
|
vol. 12
|
issue 4
207-222
EN
The list of variables included in wage models has been extended substantially since 1974 when Mincer published his model containing years of schooling and quadratic function of potential experience. This paper provides an overview of the variables most often employed in wage equations, including results from their estimations. Education, experience, particular skills, psychological traits, beauty and health, social capital, characteristics potentially connected with discrimination, individual’s household characteristics and social, cultural and economic background the individual was exposed to during childhood and adolescence, all these are aggregated fields of interest which are discussed in detail. The paper is concluded by the outline of the probable development of research on wage determinants.
3

WAGE DETERMINANTS AND ECONOMIC CRISIS 2008 – 2014: EVIDENCE FROM THE CZECH REPUBLIC

63%
Balcar J., Gottvald J.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2016
|
vol. 64
|
issue 1
3 – 21
EN
The economic crisis, which began in 2008, is over. The Czech economy experienced strong GDP growth in 2015 and predictions for further years are also positive. Now, it is the time to assess impacts of the crisis period 2008 – 2014 on wage determination. Therefore, this paper focuses on a) identification of wage determinants, whose remuneration changed significantly during the examined period; b) assessment of sensitivity of wage returns to GDP development. The analysis was performed on individual data on ca 36% of all employees in the Czech Republic. The results showed significant increase of returns to white-collar occupation and a decrease of returns to education during the years 2008 – 2014. Also remuneration of many company characteristics was affected significantly. Further analysis revealed that returns to particular wage determinants are only rarely influenced by GDP development.
4
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Sociálně-psychologické aspekty volby technického a humanitního studijního zaměření při tranzici žáků do maturitních oborů na středních školách

63%
Hlaďo P., Balcar J.
Pedagogická orientace (Journal of the Czech Pedagogical Society)
|
2012
|
vol. 22
|
issue 4
544-564
EN
Education is one of the significant factors that co-determine the social status of an individual and allow for the lessening of inequalities in a stratification system. The thematic focal point of the paper is thus the choice of upper secondary school, as it significantly pre-determines his/her future eff ectiveness on the labour market and the chance to succeed in the transition to tertiary education. Partial conclusions of a questionnaire survey are presented, which was conducted in 2010 among 9th grade pupils (n = 1526) within the Ostrava district. The study aimed to determine the relationship between social-psychological factors (the educational aspirations of pupils, pupils’ attitude towards education, family structure, the education and employment of their parents, their parents’ interest in education, the influence of the study environment, etc.) and pupils deciding for an education in technical study fields or the humanities completed with a school-leaving examination at the uppersecondary level.
5

Gender Wage Gap in the Czech Republic: First Descriptive Analysis Based on Survey 2011

51%
Balcar J., Filipová L., Machová Z.
Review of Economic Perspectives
|
2012
|
vol. 12
|
issue 3
151-167
EN
In this paper, we show the first descriptive evidence of factors explaining gender wage differences from a unique questionnaire survey that was carried out on a representative sample for the Czech Republic. We observe large wage differences related to gender; without any reasons, Czech women earn on average 77.80% of men’s wages. The survey uncovers that there is a number of differences among men and women which may help to explain the wage differences.
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