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FR
Le projet de la loi soumis aux débats de la Diète le 14 avril 1966 portait entre autres sur les problèmes de la contamination de l’air. Ce projet charge de responsabilité non seulement les établissements industriels mais aussi les utilisateurs des véhicules mécaniques. Parmi les régions les plus menacées, le projet mentionne les departments de Katowice et de Wrocław, ainsi que les villes: Varsovie, Cracovie, Opole, Grudziądz, Łódź. Le problème de la contamination de l’air par les véhicules mécaniques fait en ce moment l’objet d’une étude détaillée. La loi qui concerne la protection de l’air touche de près celle qui s’occupe de la protection des biens culturels et des objets de musée (du 21 février 1962). Les ensembles des monuments historiques ci-contre ont été classés parmi ceux qui présentent les plus hautes valeurs: Chełmno, Gdańsk, Frombork, Kazimierz n/Wisłą, Cracovie, Sandomierz, Toruń, Wrocław, Zamość. Or, l’analyse chimique des éléments qui entrent dans la composition de la fumée et des gaz d’échappement permet de constater leur influence néfaste sur les parements de brique et de pierre des bâtiments historiques. Il faudrait éliminer les causes de leur dégradation permanente, car le résultat des interventions conservatrices „post factum” ne donne que peu d’effet, ne serait-ce que par ex., le lavement des façades monumentales des bâtiments de Paris: le Louvre, le Panthéon, etc. Au point de vue des directives données par le service de conservation, il nous faudrait postuler: 1) des recherches approfondies sur l’influence nocive des fumées et des gaz d’échappement sur le matériel de construction dans les monuments d’architecture et de la sculpture, 2) dans les centres urbains historiques déceler les sources de l’enfumage et exiger l’investissement des dispositifs de filtration de l’air, 3) postuler la planification des objectifs industriels futurs en se concertant avec les services de conservation, 4) postuler que soit pris en considération dans les plans de la déglomération future le déplacement des objectifs industriels qui dénotent un coefficient élevé de pollution de l’air par l’enfumage et les gaz d’échappement. Exiger que leur localisation soit éloignée des ensembles et même des monuments isolée de haute valeur historique, 5) Postuler l’interdiction formelle du trafic des véhicules mécaniques munis de moteurs à combustion interne dans les centres urbains historiques. 6) Postuler l’interdiction d’une localisation des garages e t des parkings à proximité des objectifs historiques. 7) Postuler que seul le trafic des véhicules sur pneus et munis de moteurs électriques soit admis dans les centres urbains historiques.
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EN
The author deals with the draft law on environmental protection, the problem being approached from the viewpoint o f the Law ou Protection o f Cultural Goods and on Museums, promulgated in 1962. The article begins with the statement that no specialist in the protection of historical monuments was invited to give consultation on the said draft. Neither was the Law o f 1962 duly taken into consideration. The contents of the new bill discussed in greater detail, the author determines his position on various-questions tackled therein and points out to the items which should refer to the historical monuments making the elements o f landscape. This applies i.a. to the definitions o f natural environment and protected landscape areas. The author points out as well to the lack in the draft law of qualifications pertaining to be the parks and cemeteries in the countryside which are protected as historical objects and whose management should meet the requirements of the Law on the Protection o f Cultural Goods. What is extremely essential is proper determination by the draft o f the principles of cooperation between the Head o f the Voivodship Office for the Protection of Natural Environment and the Voivodship Conservator of Historical Monuments. The author concludes his deliberations' in the statement that the draft law discussed is not ripe as yet for being passed and put into effect.
EN
bn June, 1975, the Board of Museums and Protection cf Historical Monuments of the Ministry of Culture and Arts organized a compétition for the besit Master’s thesis, doctor’s thesis, scientific and papular science articles, all of them dealing rwith historical monuments protection and museology. A number of institutions entere for the competition: scientific-research institutes, museums, high schools and other concerned. The -purpose -of the compétition was to make these topics popular among students and young scientists а-nd also to encourage them to specialize in this field. The jury took into consideration treatises on town planning, development planning revalorization of old urban and rural settings, articles on adaptation of monuments of architecture to recent needs, on display equipment, furnishings and interior decorations in museums, on revalorization of ancient parks and gardens scientific and popular science treaties related to the subject of monuments protection and museology. The total number of papers received equalled 77, among which there were 46 scientific descriptions, 14 designs and 17 popular science articles. Within the category of scientific papers the jury awarded Dr. Jerzy Frycz for his book entitled „Restoration and Conservation of Architectural Monuments in Poland 1795—1918”. published bv PWN. Warsaw, 1975 and d e -ling with the beginnings of historical monuments protection in Poland. Besides Dr. Henryk Kondziela was awarded for his book entitled „The Old Town in Poznań” i(Poznań, 1971) and authors collective; eng. H. Jaworski. Dr J. Popławska and M. of Art, W. Bald, were awarded for application of new -methods in the field of delimiting historical monuments protection areas. Within the category of designs the jury awarded the prizes, among others, to Master of Art, Bożena Chmiel, for the design of preserving 19th century buildings historical values of works of Warsaw’s modernization, M. of Art A. Chylak and Ass. Prof. Dr. T. Zarębska, for a model study of revalorization of the Town of Kalisz and others. Within the category of popular science papers first prize was awarded to Dr. Jerzy Głosik for his book entitled „Pursuit of Treasures”, which deals with the protection of archeological monuments. Second prize was awarded to the group of seven people for a nicely illustrated guidebook, „Historical Monuments on Tourist Routes in Cracow Voivodship”, WOIT, Cracow, 1974. In the present article the author pays his close attention to the paper entitled „A Study of Town-Planning and Restoration of Czersk”. It presents the project of restoration of the Castle and the Old Town of Czersk as a centre of culture, tourism and recreation.
FR
L’une des formes de la sauvegarde des monuments historiques d’architecture en Pologne est leur affectation aux établissements industriels qui, en tant qu’usagers futurs, sont chargés de réaliser les travaux de conservation indispensables, et de l’adaptation du monument à leurs besoins. À l’heure actuelle, presque dans toutes les voïevodies — sauf celles de Szczecin, de Varsovie et de Wrocław, les établissements industriels s’occupent de la sauvegarde des monuments historiques de l ’architecture, des constructions industrielles anciennes et des recherches archéologiques. Malgré l ’attrait des objectifs proposés et les profits que les entreprises peuvent en tirer, cette action se heurte encore à certaines difficultés qui résultent surtout de l’incompréhension des valeurs historiques des objectifs en question. Une autre difficulté non moins grave, nait de l ’absence de prescriptions juridiques concernant les fonds dont disposent les établissements industriels. Malgré quelques insuccès dans ce domaine, les résultats positifs de la coopération de ces établissements à l’action de sauvetage des monuments historiques, incline à propager ce genre d’activité ainsi qu’à rechercher la façon dont on pourrait éliminer les causes des quelques inconvénients qu’elle comporte encore actuellement.
EN
The article discusses in detail opinions connected with the law on the protection of cultural objects and museums, which was passed in 1962. At the time, it was regarded as quite modern probably owing to the introduction of the term „cultural objects" instead of the traditional „monuments", and was greatly praised. It also reflected the opinions of lawyers and conservationist services dating from the end of the 1950s. The first critical remarks were formulated on the tenth anniversary of the passing of the legal act whose very coauthors pointed out its weak points. In particular, they emphasized the absence of a complete set of executive directves, their unclear nature or simply negligence as regards the actual needs for the protection and conservation of monuments in Poland. The reasons for this imperfection of the binding legal systems were sought in thelimi - ted professional qualifications of officials in the Ministry of Culture and Art, which, in accordance wiht the letter of the law, oversees the system of protecting monuments and legal foundations. The conservations services (voivodship conservationnists, persons involved in the practical side of conservation, representives of social organizations which deal with deal with the protection of monuments), attacted particularly sharply the legal situation durning the 1970s — a period of intensifying totalitarianism in Poland. The article cites numerous documents — reports, experts opinions prepared by groups of volunteers and decisions passed by conferences of experts — which called for putting the legal system into order, and for a closer approach to the requirements of the protection of monuments. For almost twenty years those appeals proves unsuccessful. The second half of the 1980s was a time of public and polemical discussions whose effect was to induce the authorities responsible for culture to ammend the law Those efforts are presented both in the article, in the commentaries contained in footnotes and in two appendices. On 19 July 1990 the Polish Parliament accepted the text of the ammendment to the 1962 law. The new version, based on an almost 30 years-old document, is essentially adapted to contemporary needs. The prime feature of this text is a fully centralizedstructure of the State Services for the Protection of Monuments Voivodship conservationists who head local groups of inspectors and other employees, are to be nominated by the Minister of Culture and Art. They, and their staff, are subject to the General Conservationist of Monuments, and constitutea state service which acts outside the voivodship-office, and is maintained by the Ministry budget. This legal status is to povent local pressure on the conservation services, and to ensure its independence. The principle of centralizm, fully realized, does not correspond to the general tendency of a state policy intent on granting the rural communes authorities, held in June 1990, and the handing overto them of basic selfgovernment prerogatives, preceded the central act on a conservation. A considerable part o f the article is devoted to a detailed examination of all the changes introduced into the ammendment. In the two appendices to the text, the author presents the project of financial allevations foreseen for people and institutionswilling to embark upon work on monuments, or those who manage buildings, parks etc. of historical value. This project was rejected by the Parliament, which left the solution of the problem to the authorities of particular communes. Such a decision gave rise to much concern. The second appendix discusses the present-day structure of the State Service for the Protection of Monuments as well as the State Service of Monuments as well as the nominations of voivodship conservationnists of monuments. The analysis is accompanied by the author's own commentary.
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