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Poznámka k Halasově Písni

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This short article on František Halas’s poem Píseň (‘The Song’; 1932) draws attention to an editorial issue concerning the word nah (‘naked’) as it appears in the first verse (‘Jdu k tobě nah a s písní nahou’ / ‘I go to you naked and with a naked song’). In nearly all editions, this word was replaced with rád (‘happy’). The article presents the rationale for following the manuscript version (published only in the book of Halas’s poetry Doznání, 1972, edited by his son F. X. Halas) in connection to the meaning of this poem and others by Halas.
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The article follows Vladimír Svatoň’s comparative approach to literature in its practical application in three polemical debates: one on the concept of modern poetry at the beginning of the 1960s, one on the publishing of texts on literary theory in the period of “normalization” after the Russian occupation, and one on the conception of Slavic studies in the 1990s. These debates form a part of the delineation of the literary field in the political changes in Czech culture. In these occasional texts, we can clearly see Svatoň uniquely consistent thought in the face of the discontinuities of our history.
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The text comments on Mexican writer José Emilio Pacheco’s relationship with Kafka’s work, mentioning his journalistic texts on the subject, but concentrating mainly on his short stories. Pacheco’s vision of the city in which and “other” world opens up, submerged beneath the everyday, alludes to Kafka. In the fantastic stories — “La fiesta brava”, “Tenga para que se entretenga” and others- Pacheco develops the theme of subway spaces, uncertain and logically inexplicable. In the other thematic line of his short stories, with the characters of children and adolescents, the Mexican capital and its Roma neighborhood undergo a change of modernization so inadequate that it casts doubt on the very existence of the remembered world of childhood. In turn, in the short novel Las batallas en el desierto, the story of the boy in love opens other accents in the relationship between the son and the father and power. The same way of narrating opposes the freedom of art to the opaque authoritarian world.
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Borges: „Já, Žid“

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The article focuses on Borges’s texts on anti-semitism and on his story „The Secret Miracle“. Borges’s texts from the 1930s and 1940s, starting with the statement „I, the Jew“ (1934), go beyond the immediate reaction to the political situation in Argentina. Borges sees the Jewish tradition (including its hermeneutic method of the kabbalah) as embodiment of the principle of diversity, contrasting with the dangerous mentality of the admirers of nazism.
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“Cultural translation” consists not only in the awareness of the cultural context of the work translated, but in the understanding of the regional and the universal in a work of literature. The very fact of translation, of linguistic and cultural mediation, creates “universality in diversity” on the cultural and poetic levels. This approach formed in the works of Zdeněk Šmíd, the founding figure of Spanish-American studies in Czechoslovakia in the 1930s, in the dialogue with the Mexican thinker Alfonso Reyes.
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