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PL
Wraz ze zmianą formacji społeczno-ekonomicznej zmienia się stosunek człowieka do pracy. Nowy jego charakter w socjalistycznych warunkach produkcji w ścisłym powiązaniu z dyscypliną pracy wymaga bliższych analiz. Stwierdzono, że występuje miedzy nimi wzajemna zależność, jako że socjalistyczny stosunek do pracy określa obiektywną podstawę optymalnego przejawiania się dyscypliny pracy, natomiast poprawa dyscypliny pracy prowadzi do bardziej pełnego utwierdzania się socjalistycznego stosunku do pracy. Następnie omówiono główne czynniki kształtujące stosunek do pracy w socjalizmie i związane z tym możliwości tworzenia, doskonalenia i umacniania dyscypliny pracy. Podstawową rolę odgrywają socjalistyczne stosunki społeczne, jak również ulegające poprawie warunki i organizacja pracy, wychowanie i tzw. wychowanie dla pracy, szeroki udział pracowników w zarządzaniu produkcją, socjalistyczne współzawodnictwo pracy, tworzenie prawidłowo zorganizowanych zespołów pracy. W artykule przedstawiono ponadto liczne przykłady z praktyki gospodarki bułgarskiej potwierdzające powyższe zależności.
EN
Along with change of the socio-economic form ation there is also changing man's attitude to work. Its new character in socialist conditions of production strictly connected with work discipline calls for a closer analysis. There was disovered a mutual correlation between them since the socialist attitude to work determines an objective basis for optimal work discipline while any improvement in this discipline leads to fuller consolidation of the socialist attitude to work. The author discusses next main factors shaping attitude to work in socialism and possibilities of promoting, improving, and consolidating work discipline connected with it. A fundamental role is played here by socialist social relations as well as improving conditions and organization of work, social education, and the so-called "education for work", wide participation of employees in production management, socialist work competition, setting up production management, socialist work competition, setting up properly organized work teams etc. More over, there are presented in the article numerous examples from the Bulgarian economic practice confirming the above relationships.
EN
Young people uocount for about one third of manpower employed in the Bulgarian national economy and hence the professional activity of this group represents a very important problem. And althought his subject has received a great deal of attention in the economic literature there are missing comprehensive studies on this group of manpower. In this article the author analyzes the educational background and professional qualifications of the working youth and the influence of these factors on their professional activity. Generally speaking the professional activity level of employees is determined by two groups of factors: 1) factors connected with personality development of employees including the level of social development of an individual, level of his professional preparation, political and ideological maturity, etc.; 2) factors connected with technical, organizational and other conditions determining objective possibilities of an individual's activity and utilization of his abilities (skills) in work. Struktural researches on both groups off actors and mechanisms of their operation are carried out with in the framework of different categories of the working youth. Their results allow to promote higher professional activity. On the other hand, professional activity of the Bulgarian youth is restricted by such factors as higher acquired qualifications than those which are really necessary as defined by the existing technical and organizational production level, job mobility etc. The article contains propositions of better utilization of the present possibilities of increasing professional activity of young people in the Bulgarian economy.
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