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Problematyka pogranicza suplementu diety a produktu leczniczego

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Majchrzak D.

Przegląd Prawniczy Europejskiego Stowarzyszenia Studentów Prawa ELSA Poland

2013

issue 1

133-142

The main theme of this discussion is the subject matter of products called food supplements which are also known as a supplementary food in U.S. The purpose of taking those products is intended to supplement the human food diet and provide some nutrients, such as vitamins, minerals, fiber etc. that may be missing or may not be consumed in sufficient quantities in a person's diet. The food supplement in Europe is defined as a concentrated source of nutrients or other substances with a nutritional or physiological effects. It is marketed "in dose" form i.e. as pills, tablets, capsules, liquids in measured doses etc. This nature often causes some misunderstanding what will be discussed.The author presents legal issues of food supplements, concentrate on legal regulation in European Union and legal guides in regarding to this topic. Especially the aim is to focus on the issue of delimitation between those foodstuff and pharmaceutical products. In the general opinion, as showing a recent scientific research, the average customer does not see, in many cases, the difference between those two groups of products and at this point it is necessary to add that considering legal and factual view it is impermissible to treat food supplements and pharmaceutical products the same. Because of this problem the author tries to show firstly, the legal provisions in force and subsequently to point out the differences statutory provisions. What is more, it is taken an attempt to point actual, still difficult to describe differences between both groups and quoting the opinions and judicial decisions of E.U. legislator in this object. In the conclusion of the article the reader may find out the consideration in the subject of some legal loopholes and ideas and models preventive points.

Remarks on the Iconographic Motif of the Birdman in Mesopotamian Glyptic Art of the Third Millennium BC

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Majchrzak D.

Études et Travaux (Institut des Cultures Méditerranéennes et Orientales de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences)

2018

vol. XXXI

219-234

The iconographic motif of the birdman emerged in Mesopotamian glyptic art in the Early Dynastic period and disappeared at the end of the Akkadian period. Its meaning remains ambiguous, particularly due to the fact that the figure is represented in scenes of varying character and it cannot be identified with any character known from myths. Sometimes, the creature may be recognised as a deity based on a horned crown, yet this is not always the case. Among the deities attested in the scenes with birdman, one can easily identify Shamash and Enki. The examined material contains 62 published seals or seal impressions with the birdman motif, both from the Early Dynastic and the Akkadian period. The latest monographic studies of this subject were published in the 1950s. Interpretations presented by the authors of said works, though often quoted in the research on the motif, seem to lack proper argumentation and, to an large extent, are outdated due to a considerable progress of the research on Sumero-Akkadian iconography and an increase, although modest, in study material, among other things. In light of the above, it is worth analysing this motif one more time.

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1 Przegląd Prawniczy Europejskiego Stowarzyszenia Studentów Prawa ELSA Poland

1 Études et Travaux (Institut des Cultures Méditerranéennes et Orientales de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences)

1 2018

1 2013

2 Majchrzak D.

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Problematyka pogranicza suplementu diety a produktu leczniczego

Remarks on the Iconographic Motif of the Birdman in Mesopotamian Glyptic Art of the Third Millennium BC