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PL
Pensions reserve funds are permanent elements of social security systems in many countries. In others they play important role of a useful solution that helps to alleviate temporary deficits in social security. One of the few countries that gath‑ ered very large pensions reserves is Norway. It is an excellent example of a country that uses oil revenues to fulfil the long ‑term liabilities of the social security system and promote solidarity between generations. The article analyses the sources of fundraising and methods of asset management used in Norwegian public reserve funds. The collection of large reserves was possible only due to permanent sur‑ plus in state budget resulting from oil revenues. Assets collected in the fund were then invested in highly diversified and long ‑term portfolio that proved to be very effective. Norwegian pension reserve fund Global showed that the right strategies of asset allocation and broad geographical diversifications may result in rates of return much higher than constructed benchmarks. Moreover, it can also meet the expectations of ethical and socially ‑responsible investments.
PL
Demographic Reserve Fund (FRD) has been created in Poland in 2002 to offer additional source of financing for old-age pension system in case it faces significant deficit resulting from demographic reasons. This buffer fund aims mainly at balancing the incomes and expenditures of pension system in times when baby boomers will be offered old-age pension benefits. The main sources of its financing were defined as pension contributions and revenues from privatization of state owned companies. But after several years of its activity it has turned out that the operations of the fund came in contradiction with its main goals, mainly due to early usage of its assets. The article presents main characteristics of Polish Demographic Reserve Fund, basic principles of its functioning, portfolio structure and rates of return. Moreover, it tries to give some opinion in hot debate about the purposes and effects of accumulating assets in pension reserve funds in times of budget shortages. 
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