The aim of the article is to familiarize the reader with a colorful memoir of Jan Stanislaw Los, a professor of ancient history who takes the reader behind the scenes of both world wars and fragile peace. The peace that requires many diplomatic efforts, constant strengthening and stabilization. In the interwar period, the author was known as an active politician of the conservative party and a publicist who commented a lot on the political scene of that time. Political commitment, noble descent and appropriate education gave him an excellent ability to witness important decisions that were made as well as events which affected the fate of Poland and Europe over the period indicated above. He knew personally many local and foreign politicians whose characters are recalled on the pages of memories. As an expert in ancient history, he was able to appraise the mechanisms of power, its successes and failures in the context of historical process. Memories arose in the 1970s, i.e. at the end of the author’s life. By writing down the memories he decided to leave the posterity of a long-gone era, the era about which there were many negative myths and stereotypes in the post-war period. Trying to correctly reflect the atmosphere prevailing behind the scenes of war and peace, the author also disproves positive stereotypes and myths, can critically evaluate the discussed reality. The reading in question fulfills the form of a personal document, also called the ego-document, and forms the part of the centuries-old tradition of Polish memoiristics.
In the mid-1880s Earl Roman Maria Aleksander Szeptycki (1865–1944) was one of the students at the Prussian-German Friedrich Wilhelm University in Wrocław, later on he became a metropolitan bishop of the Greek Catholic Church in Galicia — Andrzej Szeptycki. In the period between 1884 and 1885 he was a third-year student of the Law Department. His education at this University coincided with the period of architectonic development of the educational centre in Wrocław, as well as the development of research on legal issues. Szeptycki studied in Wrocław till 1886 and after that he continued his studies in Kraków. Studying in Wrocław was a necessary condition for him to receive his father’s blessing for his joining the order of Basilians. In Wrocław the young Szeptycki was very active both on the academic and social arena. He also attended Theology and Slavonic studies lectures. He soon became member of the catholic Societas Hosiana Society, Upper Silesian Society and Literary Slavonic Society.
Marian Zdziechowski, a renown Polish critic of the idea of Communism, maintained avast correspondence with many intellectuals of eastern Slavs, these include the Ukrainian Metropolitan — Andrzej Szeptycki. Zdziechowski’s letters, found at the State Historical Archive in Lviv, were written to the Metropolitan between 1933 and 1937. All presented a definitely negative attitude towards Communism and Bolshevism.
The contents of the article are regarded as an effort to answer the question outlined in the title about the importance of the somatic sphere in the drama of the Ukrainian modernism epoch writer — Oleksandr Oles (real name: Oleksandr Kandyba 1878–1944). In the Way to the fairy-tale (1908) the author avoids direct information on carnality. Following the prevailing epoch trend, the writer gives up the traditional ethnographic and realistic model of artistic creation. His reflexion about the soma-sphere is expressed by an ambiguous myth and symbol. The symbolism is one of the basic trends at the beginning of the 20th century and makes up an essential mean for Oles’ dramatic expression, the author is therefore more interested in the presentation of state of mind than in sensual body. The body appears to be important insofar as it is a soul’s expression and sign. Like the symbol, the body remains in the sensation and imagination sphere.
У статті досліджено діяльність Івана Keдрина Рудницького - українського письменника й політика міжвоєнного періоду Як член UNDO (Українського національного демократичного об’єднання) та журналіст газети „Діло” І. Рудницький захищав інтереси українців, які проживали в ІІ Речі Посполитій (РП). У перш. пол. 30-х років він став одним з аніматорів політики нормалізації складних польсько-українських відносин.
EN
In the article the activities of the Ukrainian writer and politician of the interwar period Ivan Kedryn Rudnicki are discussed. As a member of UNDO (Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance) and journalist of the newspaper “The Dilo” Rudnicki stood on guard of the interests of the Ukrainians, living in the Second Polish Republic. In the first half of the 30s he was one of the animators of standardization policy in very diffi cult Polish-Ukrainian relations.
PL
In the article the activities of the Ukrainian writer and politician of the interwar period Ivan Kedryn Rudnicki are discussed. As a member of UNDO (Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance) and journalist of the newspaper “The Dilo” Rudnicki stood on guard of the interests of the Ukrainians, living in the Second Polish Republic. In the first half of the 30s he was one of the animators of standardization policy in very diffi cult Polish-Ukrainian relations.
The article deals with the attitude of Polish press in the 20-30s of the XXth century to Metropolitan Andrei Sheptytskyi’s religious-political activity. The portrait of Metropolitan depicted in Polish press is a versatile image characterized by extreme emotions as the very epoch he lived in.
UK
Стаття репрезентує ставлення польської преси 20–30 рр. ХХ століття до релігійно-політичної діяльності митрополита Андрея Шептицького. Портрет владики, що вимальовується на шпальтах польських газет, - це багатомірний і неоднозначний образ, який характеризується крайніми емоціями, як і епоха, в якій митрополиту довелося жити і працювати.
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