The subject of the article is a work of analysis M. J. Siemek, The Idea of Transcendetalism in Fichte and Kant, Warsaw 1977. The main issue of this text is the relation: Kant – Fichte. Kant´s thought arose in opposition to cogito. Kant describes this position as the world of a „dark eyes”. For Kant cognition is the unity of „knowledge” and „being”. This is his transcendentalism. Fichte starts from Kant´s position. However, according to him, Kant stopped halfway. According to Fichte man realizes his „vocation”. This is culture. This is his transcendetalism; the concept of a „closed” state. According to M. J. Siemek Kant´s thought should be read through the prism of Fichte´s thought. And this means that in the context of modern times and the threats to democracy, the question about Kant is an opened question.
Autor wskazuje, iż w dziejach Europy stanowisko Sokratesa i doktryna chrześcijańska to jedna z głównych formacji myślenia o istocie ludzkiej. Wszystkie inne formacje myślenia o człowieku, jednostce żyjącej wśród innych, o państwie i polityce będą się musiały wobec tej koncepcji określić.
One of the basic problems of the Polish culture was – and still is – the answer to the question concerning the place of Poland in Europe and in the world. It is connected with the specificity of the Polish history. What is of special significance, it is the fact that on the threshold of the modern times, Polish and European paths diverged. The shape of modernity was determined by the thought of Descartes, Th. Hobbes and J. Locke. Its starting point is an autonomous and independent individual, taking an economic activity . In the archetype of the Polish culture it is different. This is “Polish dance” (J. Lelewel). And this state of affairs was explicitly criticized by S. Brzozowski and S. I. Witkiewicz. W. Gombrowicz sees it as a chance to take an original place in European culture. Y. Haenel defines the archetype of Polish culture as “the eternal sensivity”.
The afterthought on education is the consideration of the world of culture – the world of values. European culture is based on Aristotle`s thought. This is his metaphysics. The change of this paradigm occurs at the treshold of Modernity (N. Machiavelli) and it is followed by the thought of the Descartes; cogito. Here, the starting point is I, an individual, who undertakes the economic activity (Th. Hobbes, J. Locke). In the post-time the world of an individual undergoes the act of disintegration (contingency; R. Rorty) which can be associated with the state of “reassurance” (M. Gauchet). Today, there is no clarity as to what „education” really is.
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