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1

Who was the author of a 16th-century romance on King Telamon?

100%
Szathmari I.
Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)
|
2008
|
vol. 132
|
issue 4
478-484
EN
This paper discusses the authorship of a sixteenth-century epic poem featuring King Telamon. Two versions of that poem are known: a printed and a manuscript version. The former is currently taken to be the basic text version. As to the author of the poem, researchers agree that it is an unknown person, except for Farkas Szell who claims, actually not quite on the basis of solid evidence, that the author is that of 'Volter and Griseldis': Pal Istvanfi. It has to be noted that people have extensively studied the mutual influence between this poem and the folk ballad 'Kata Kadar', on the basis of their similarities in content and motifs. Given that the romance on Fortunatus includes the story of King Telamon and his son Diomedes, and given that the two poems make the same kind of impact on their readers, the present author thinks that the same person may have written both. After a thorough comparison of the two poems in terms of phonology, morphology, syntax and orthography, and taking other circumstances into consideration, he concludes that the two poems may indeed have been written by the same person: probably a 16th century Protestant priest or perhaps a schoolmaster, possibly living in Kolozsvar.
2

STUDYING LITERARY HUNGARIAN BY PRAGUEAN METHODS: ON THE BASIS OF PÁL MEDGYESI'S WORKS

100%
Szathmari I.
Magyar Nyelv (Hungarian Language)
|
2005
|
vol. 101
|
issue 1
21-27
EN
This paper investigates the way two features of the study of literary language by the Prague Linguistic Circle were anticipated in the work of a seventeenth-century Hungarian preacher, Pál Medgyesi. Those two features concern the polifunctionalism and concomitant differentiation of linguistic means, as well as what can be called intellectualisation, i.e., the elaboration of mainly lexical and syntactic devices that make language appropriate for representing higher levels of abstraction and a possibly most exact expression of the logical process of thinking. Going through a number of phenomena clustering around those two concepts, the author emphasises that Medgyesi had expressed the most important terms of Ramus' logic in Hungarian well before Apáczai, and was the first to construct the rhetoric of prayers and sermons, thus initiating the emergence of the Hungarian special terminology and rhetoric of the field and contributed to the development of Hungarian scholarly prose.
3

ZSIGMOND SIMONYI AND HUNGARIAN ORTHOGRAPHY

100%
Szathmari I.
Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)
|
2007
|
vol. 131
|
issue 3
265-270
EN
The speaker first expressed his appreciation of the past ten years of Zsigmond Simonyi spelling contests. Next, he pointed out the appropriacy of the choice of Simonyi's name for that series of contests. The feature that he said both Simonyi's oeuvre and the history of Hungarian orthography shared was 'reality'. He pointed out that Simonyi's greatest achievement had been that he had raised the standards of the study of Hungarian to match those of the Finno-Ugric studies of his day. Also, Simonyi had been a versatile scholar, working in almost every subdiscipline of linguistics. With respect to orthography, he had proposed some streamlining that was subsequently adopted by Hungarian schools in 1903 but was not accepted by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences until 1922. The speaker then went on to characterise the current spelling system of Hungarian as alphabetic, Latin-based, phonemic, sense-reflecting and observant of actual usage. He mentioned the latest spelling manuals and expanded on the expected future of Hungarian orthography, too.
4

ALBERT SZENCZI MOLNÁR'S HYMNS AND STANDARD LITERARY HUNGARIAN

100%
Szathmari I.
Magyar Nyelv (Hungarian Language)
|
2007
|
vol. 103
|
issue 4
399-408
EN
This paper first summarizes Szenczi Molnár's activities in linguistics and philology (his dictionary, his grammar, his hymn book, his emendation of Gáspár Károli's translation of the Bible, and his own translation of Calvin's Institutio). Then, a definition of 'literary language' is provided, with reference to the tenets of the Linguistics Circle of Prague concerning the plurifunctionalism of linguistic devices and their intellectualization as two prerequisites of the emergence of a literary language. After that, it is explored to what extent Szenczi Molnár's hymns served the emergence of Standard Literary Hungarian. How these hymns were written (translated) and to what extent they went into general use is discussed next. The reason for their popularity is found in their richness of content, variety and high quality of style, as well as in their well-constructed rhythm. Finally, the paper discusses the manner in which the phonological, morphological, and syntactic features of the hymns, the differentiation of the linguistic devices involved and the creation of tools of high-standard reasoning contributed to the emergence of Standard Literary Hungarian.
5

OBJECTIVE-INTELLECTUAL STYLE IN ATTILA JÓZSEF'S POETRY

100%
Szathmari I.
Magyar Nyelv (Hungarian Language)
|
2005
|
vol. 101
|
issue 4
414-420
EN
The introductory part of the paper deals with the definition of objective-intellectual style as a trend of the first half of the twentieth century, describing its characteristics, its sources, as well as the way its two components, objectivity and intellectuality, are combined. The second part of the paper analyses the later phase of Attila József's poetry from the above points of view: in terms of what constructional and linguistic-stylistic devices help him express a settled world of ideas and 'ars poetica'.
6

Debated issues on figures of speech and an encyclopedia of figures

100%
Szathmari I.
Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)
|
2008
|
vol. 132
|
issue 1
18-26
EN
The author discusses some debated or debatable issues pertaining to a new encyclopaedia of figures of speech, to be published in May 2008. This book runs into 55 printed sheets and will be the first of its kind ever published in Hungarian. The present paper explains how those issues are resolved in the encyclopedia. First, the Team of Style Research responsible for the compilation of the encyclopedia is briefly introduced and the reasons why the team started research on figures of speech are enumerated. Next, the definition of 'figure of speech' that the team used is given ('Figures of speech are established and inherited linguistic forms - word forms, phrases, or expressions - whose use makes the style of an utterance more effective. Therefore, they are structures (forms) and operations (functions) at the same time'). The paper is concluded by certain practical issues concerning the structure of entries.
7

ONCE MORE ON KAZINCZY'S VIEWS ON STYLISTICS (Kazinczy stilisztikai nezeteirol - meg egyszer)

100%
Szathmari I.
Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)
|
2009
|
vol. 133
|
issue 2
150-154
EN
The author has two reasons for returning to the study of Kazinczy's views on style. First, both linguistics and stylistics have progressed substantially during the past two or three decades. On the other hand, in the course of editing his recently published 'Encyclopaedia of Figures', he had the occasion to examine Adelung's and Revai's stylistic views in detail. In this paper, he first enumerates a number of reasons why Kazinczy's attention was drawn to stylistics in the first place. He then emphasises that Kazinczy thought the most important issues were general stylistic requirements, as well as stylistic phenomena permeating the whole of a literary piece, also known as text-stylistic phenomena. He thought the fundamental requirement of style was what he called adequacy: the accurate expression of thoughts and feelings. His most important criteria of assessing a literary piece were taste and the example set by the best writers. He was aware that linguistic and stylistic polyphony (Vieltonigkeit) was a prerequisite of adequacy. He also saw the importance of stylistic registers, nuances, and periods, as well as the stylistic value of phenomena pertaining to individual levels of language.
8

Verseghy's views on language and style in his last work, 'A Treatise on a Hungarian Translation of the Holy Scripture'

100%
Szathmari I.
Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)
|
2008
|
vol. 132
|
issue 2
181-188
EN
The author starts by expressing his appreciation for former chief librarian Erno Szurmay's achievements in the area of research on Verseghy. Then he goes on to point out that he has chosen Verseghy's Treatise as the topic of this paper because this was Verseghy's last and summative piece of work. He describes the preparations for a new edition of Kaldi's 1626 translation of the Bible and of the circumstances of Verseghy's book being written. He emphasizes the following characteristics of Verseghy's Treatise: (a) he was a genuine philologist in this work, too; (b) he thought that the most important requirements for a translation were accuracy, lucidity, and delightfulness; (c) he laid special emphasis on some unique features of Hungarian; and (d) he claimed that the Bible was a piece of poetry and that it had to be translated as such. In conclusion, the author discusses the extent to which Verseghy's corrections served the emergence of Standard Literary Hungarian.
9

ATTILA T. SZABÓ, DIALECTOLOGIST AND MASTER OF STYLE

100%
Szathmari I.
Magyar Nyelv (Hungarian Language)
|
2006
|
vol. 102
|
issue 3
280-284
EN
Great scholars, truly outstanding personalities are characterized by the fact that their purview encompasses both their own discipline and all neighbouring fields, in almost their entirety; that they break new ground in their own area of study; that they think of future and found a school; and that they remain true and just even in the most difficult circumstances of life. Such a scholar, such a personality was Attila T. Szabó, born a hundred years ago. This talk recalls him as a researcher of dialectology, and also as a master of style. The study of style, stylistics, was not one of his main areas of research (unlike dialectology); but in studying works of fiction, especially pieces and genres of folklore, he invariably touched upon their style, too; and what is even more important: he was a master of colourful and easy-flowing diction that reflected his thoughts to the minutest detail and brought home fine nuances of meaning; a master of full-flavoured Transylvanian Hungarian.
10

FALUDI THE STYLISTIC INNOVATOR

100%
Szathmari I.
Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)
|
2006
|
vol. 130
|
issue 1
14-22
EN
In this talk, the author applies the tenets of the Prague School concerning the emergence of literary language to the oeuvre of Ferenc Faludi (1704-1779). With a detailed discussion of his 'A book of notes', he tries to support the claim that Faludi was, above all, a stylistic innovator. In particular, he investigates the way two specific features of literary language that the Prague School emphasized occur in Faludi's work: a) the polifunctionalism of linguistic tools and hence their higher level of differentiation, and b) intellectuality, i.e., the elaboration of - mainly lexical and syntactic - tools that make language capable of representing higher levels of abstraction and accurately expressing the logical process of thinking, including its complexity. With respect to polifunctionalism, the author claims that Faludi was interested in the whole of language; however, his main aim was to polish Hungarian and to deliberately increase its stylistic power. He renewed the literary form of 'song', and experimented with a number of literary genres. But his most important contribution to literary style (and Hungarian in general) was the introduction of linguistic-stylistic tools for a range of various stylistic shades. All that was also served by his activities as a translator. He also contributed to the intellectuality of literary language, the increase of means of expression of higher-level thinking in several ways (word formation, compounding, preverb-verb combinations, reduplication, proverbs, specialized terms, attributive constructions, etc.). Briefly: he was a bold word selector and word creator: a stylistic innovator.
11

ZOLTÁN KODÁLY AND THE HUNGARIAN LANGUAGE

100%
Szathmari I.
Magyar Nyelv (Hungarian Language)
|
2007
|
vol. 103
|
issue 21
129-136
EN
This talk introduces the world-famous composer, musicologist, folk music expert and educator Zoltán Kodály as an admirer of his mother tongue (and to some extent its researcher, too), on the occasion of the 125th anniversary of his birth and the 40th anniversary of his death. The speaker lists the factors that turned Kodály's attention towards studying the Hungarian language, with special emphasis on the role of the Eötvös College and Professor Zoltán Gombocz in that respect. Kodály's relevant public speeches and writings are then discussed, as well as which outstanding pieces of Hungarian poetry and prose he set to music and in what other ways he contributed to the musical (and in general, national) awareness of Hungarians. He was especially interested, obviously, in spoken language, in live speech. He spoke up against what he thought was the 'deterioration' of this language in 1937 (and in 1938 in a radio commentary). In fact, however, he devoted all his life to exploring Hungarian folk music and making his mother tongue a better, more flexible vehicle of communicating one's thoughts and feelings.
12

ALBERT SZENCZI MOLNAR'S DICTIONARIES AND THEIR ROLE IN THE EMERGENCE OF STANDARD LITERARY HUNGARIAN

100%
Szathmari I.
Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)
|
2007
|
vol. 131
|
issue 2
163-172
EN
The author first discusses Szenczi Molnar's various activities advancing the emergence of SLH (his grammar, his hymn book, his emendation of Gaspar Karoli's translation of the Bible, and his own translation of Calvin's Institutio). Then, a brief and practical review of his dictionaries is given. The author then goes on to discuss the signs of linguistic unification in formal linguistic characteristics of his dictionaries, with respect to the various editions and the occasional alterations therein, as well as the issue whether, in what can be called the linguistic content elements, two important features of literary language as defined by the Linguistics Circle of Prague are observable: (a) the versatility (plurifunctionalism) of linguistic devices and their concomitant wider differentiation, and (b) intellectualization, that is, the elaboration of - mainly lexical and syntactic - devices that make the given language fit for representing higher levels of abstraction, and a more exact expression of the logical process and complexity of thinking.
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