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EN
This article concerns the modern tourist market in Kazakhstan. I focused to a large extent on the indications of the tourist industry’s characteristics in this country as well as the potential chances and threats that may be encountered in this area of the economy. The conclusions contained in the publication were based not only on source materials, but also on the author’s personal observations and memories of friends of the traveler. The aim of the article was to draw attention to the unusual tourism richness that can be observed by traveling through this country of Central Asia, as well as changing the stereotypical view of Kazakhstan.
RU
Данная статья касается современного туристического рынка Казахстана. Я сосре- доточилась в основном на показателях туристической индустрии в этой стране, а также на потенциальных шансах и угрозах, которые могут встретиться в этой области экономики. Выводы, содержащиеся в публикации, основывались не только на исходных материалах, но и на личных наблюдениях автора и воспоминаниях друзей. Целью статьи было привлечь внимание к необычному туристическому богатству, которое можно наблюдать, путешествуя по этой стране Центральной Азии, а также изменить стереотипный взгляд на Казахстан.
EN
The book by Łukasz Jureńczyk entitled: „The war against the Taliban and Al-Qaeda. Afghanistan in the years 1994–2012” (original title: “Wojna z talibami i Al-Kaidą. Afganistan w latach 1994–2012”) presents a broad spectrum of actions that have been taken by the international community and local activists, who set themselves the goal of overthrowing the Taliban groups in Afghanistan and combat the world's most dangerous terrorist organization – Al-Qaeda. The basis for author’s dissertation was the situation in the country since the seizure of power by Al-Qaeda through a period of keeping it, until the most recent period. Ł. Jureńczyk took into account cultural contexts, the international situation, and the differences in the exercise of power by the terrorist organization and the socio-economic outline.
EN
This article applies to the Football World Cup, which took place in June 2018. The goal of the Mundial was not only to provide fantastic emotions to fans from around the world, but also – from the point of view of the Russian Federation - it was a tool for building the image of a modern state that is open to tourists and able to welcome them with great hospitality. In this respect, this event can definitely be considered an organizational success. On the other hand, the political actions of the Russian authorities, such as the introduction of a number of negatives commented on by citizens or unmoved matters related to the defense of human rights, have put a shadow over these positive opinions.
RU
Эта статья относится к Чемпионату мира по футболу, который состоялся в июне 2018 года. Целью Чемпионата было не только дать фантастические эмоции фанатам со всего мира, но – с точки зрения Российской Федерации – это был инструмент для создания имиджа современного государства, открытого для туристов и способного приветствовать их с большим гостеприимством. В этом отношении это событие определенно можно считать организационным успехом. С другой стороны, политические действия российских властей, такие как введение ряда законов, которые негативно оценивают граждане, или вопросы, связанные с защитой прав человека, затмили эти позитивные впечатления.
EN
This article refers to the contemporary situation in the Russian economy and in the Russian capital economy. Economy in Russia is based on the extraction of raw materials. However, in 2010 economic forecasts for the country were optimistic. In this period economic development was strong and the country became a member of the BRICS group. One of the issues of the Russian Federation economy was the backing of the old system. Most investments were focused on the energy sector when in the public sector the changes were smaller. To increase revenues and funds big reforms are necessary and new investments. One possibility to improve the economic situation is to focus on greater extraction of raw materials. Another option is to resign from a monocultural economy. The situation in Moscow is better than the general economic situation in the Russian Federation. GDP increased regularly. In 2008 Russia took 15t place in the ranking of the hundred largest cities GDP. The Moscow economy is based especially on the trade of energy resources. Moreover, profit is gained from business activities and industry. The level of unemployment in Moscow is the lowest in comparison to all regions. In the capital city it fluctuates between 0,5% and 1%. A major problem in the capital city is the constant immigration from other part of the Federation and other foreign countries. In majority, people who come to Moscow are the job seekers. Also the significant problem is ubiquitous corruption.
EN
A REVIEW OF THE BOOK: ANDRZEJ LUBOWSKI, ŚWIAT 2040. CZY ZACHÓD MUSI PRZEGRAĆ? [WORLD 2040. DOES THE WEST HAVE TO LOSE?], “ZNAK”, KRAKÓW 2013
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