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Maria Magdalena Łubieńska (1833–1920) – artystka wyemancypowana

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Czapczyńska-Kleszczyńska D.
Sacrum et Decorum. Materiały i studia z historii sztuki sakralnej
|
2013
|
vol. 6
9-32
EN
Maria Magdalena Łubieńska née Countess Łubieńska (1833–1920), an amateur painter, author of oil paintings, watercolours and drawings, forced by the circumstances of life to found in 1867 the School of Drawing and Painting and then, in 1878, “Painting Shop”, which three years later became the Studio of St Luke, operating until at least 1910. Łubieńska’s Studio was chiefly famous for its stained glass windows (made in mixed technique). Many of them have survived to this day in churches, mostly neo-Gothic, located in the then Congress Kingdom of Poland. The stained glass works are also noted in the churches of the Austrian and Prussian partitions of Poland and former eastern borderlands, including Russia. The first stained glass window, for the Warsaw cathedral, Łubieńska was to paint herself. The stained glass windows made in the Warsaw studio, presented in this paper, reflect her activity only in part. Admired by her contemporaries, mocked in subsequent periods, they are currently becoming of interest to art historians.
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The activity of Franciszek Białkowski and Władysław Skibiński. A contribution to the research on the work of Warsaw stained-glass studios

100%
Czapczyńska-Kleszczyńska D.
Sacrum et Decorum. Materiały i studia z historii sztuki sakralnej
|
2012
|
vol. 5
63-86
EN
In 1902, a stained glass studio was established in Warsaw by Franciszek Białkowski and Władysław Skibiński. The cooperation between them soon ran its course and by1905, the two artists were already running two independent companies, producing stained-glass windows intended mainly for Roman Catholic churches throughout the Kingdom of Poland. “The Białkowski & Co. Artistic Stained Glass Studio”, awarded at multiple Polish and international exhibitions, produced figural and decorative stained glass designed by the owner himself and by other artists, such as Jan Kanty Gumowski (Żyrardów), Konrad Krzyżanowski (Brześć Kujawski, Limanowa), Eligiusz Niewiadomski (Konin), Jan Henryk Rosen (Lviv, the Armenian Cathedral and the Church of St Mary Magdalene), Edward Trojanowski (Lubraniec). The atelier was closed down in c. 1930. We only know of a few sacred stained-glass decorations produced by the other workshop discussed in the article, the “Skibiński Artistic Stained Glass Studio” (Kalisz, Czarnia, Opatówek, Mełgiew, Czarnożyły. Ciechocinek). At least some (e.g. those in Kalisz) were designed by Skibiński himself; the only designer known to have collaborated with the workshop was Włodzimierz Tetmajer (the “Under the Eagles” Chapel in Kalisz). The atelier was shut down in c. 1921, and its stock of glass was bought by the owner of the S.G. Żeleński Cracow Stained Glass Studio, who later frequently enlisted Skibiński’s services as an experienced stained-glass artist. The purpose of this article was to present preliminary conclusions concerning the two ateliers and to inspire scholars to conduct further research on the little known subject of the Warsaw stained-glass industry in the 1st half of the 20th century.
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