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Syntax naratív detí predškolského veku

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Kesselová J.
Studie z aplikované lingvistiky - Studies in Applied Linguistics
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2013
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vol. 4
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issue 2
19-37
EN
The study focuses on the development of syntactic structures in narratives of 3–6 years old Slovak children. The aim of the research is to describe not only various ways of creation of logical‑semantic relations when telling a story but also the succession in acquisition of linear structural‑combinatory rules necessary for a narrative construction. We have concentrated on two questions: (a) How does the syntactic structure of narratives change according to the age of a child?; (b) Is the syntactic structure of narratives determined by the story itself? If yes, to what extent? The research sample consists of 162 transcriptions of narratives (30 girls and 24 boys). Each child has produced three different narratives according to the series of pictures. The research methodology is based on the CDI III project (Communicative Development Inventories — Narrative project). Three tendencies have been observed in the development of syntactic structures: (a) decline of syntactic structures (in reference to single‑word and multi‑word nominal utterances and utterances with an isolated predicate); (b) fixation of simple sentence which represent a stable and dominant structure in all the analysed age; (c) development of syntactic structures (compound and complex sentences). Each syntactic structure develops a structural component of a narrative. The linguistic research of children’s narratives is motivated by the need to create a diagnostic tool for the evaluation of children’s narrative abilities in logopaedic practice.
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Ontogenesis of the Dative Case in the Light of Natural Morphology and Cognitive Linguistics

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Kesselová J.
Jazykovedný Casopis
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2015
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vol. 66
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issue 2
101-126
EN
In the framework of the natural morphology (The types of homomorphism; J. Dolník, 2005) and cognitive linguistics (the dative case as the grammatical exponent of the target person’s role; E. Dąbrowska, 1997), the paper deals with the dative case in early speech development (during the first 3 years of child’s life). The study presents the results of the research into grammatical forms, case meanings and pragmatic functions. The key question is this: which dative case structures children acquire preferentially? The research is based on the combination of qualitative (audiovisual recordings of three children, coding of transcripts) and quantitative (1065 parental assessments) methods. The research leads to conclusions on three levels: (a) The form: grammatical forms of the dative case with segmental and defective homomorphism are typical for preferentially acquired forms. (b) The semantics: dative of benefit and dative of direction can be interpreted as case meanings that create the core of the dative case’s early semantics. (c) The pragmatics: children use the dative case preferentially in utterances with pragmatic function: con-situational information, disagreement, answer, will and challenge. It means that the dative case is primarily used in the developmentally oldest functions. The research broadens the understanding of speech ontogenesis and contributes to language explanation that is compatible with the process of its acquisition.
3
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Recenzie A Správy: Sloveso Vo Svetle Kognitívnej Gramatiky

100%
Kesselová J.
Jazykovedný Casopis
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2015
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vol. 66
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issue 2
163-167
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