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Ethical and political dilemmas of local self-government in Poland in the course of systemic transformations (1990–2018)

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Kasiński M.
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
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2018
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vol. 21
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issue 7
7-26
EN
The study presents critical reflections on the course and results of Polish local self-government reforms from March 1990, when after 40 years of the system of territorial soviets (national councils), self-government was reintroduced into communes, until January 2018, when an attempt to improve the systemic institutions of self-government in communes, poviats and voivodships was once again revisited. The author points out significant discrepancies between the basic ethical and political values of local self-government, i.e. democracy, independence and efficiency, and the changing content of self-government systemic laws as well as the practice of local authorities’ operations, and formulates proposals aimed at repairing Polish local self-government by adjusting its organisation and functioning to the principles resulting from the Constitution of the Republic of Poland and the European Charter of Local Self-Government. He considers as the most important the elimination of pathological phenomena of simulated local democracy which include: a drastically low turnout in elections and referenda, the disappearance of democratic responsibility of local self-government bodies, and the autonomy of the directly elected executive body of the commune from the influence of the local representation. From this point of view, he positively assesses the new regulations, strengthening the guarantee of transparency of operations carried out by local self-government bodies and control rights of councillors, as well as expanding the catalogue of initiative, consultative and control powers of citizens. He points out, however, that ensuring real democracy in of the local authorities requires a deeper reconstruction of the principles of self-government, the election process, and strengthening the role of representation in creating and enforcing the responsibility of executive bodies.
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Powstanie, rozwój i kryzys koncepcji wójta (burmistrza, prezydenta miasta) jako lokalnego przywódcy

100%
Kasiński M.
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne
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2015
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vol. 47
147-161
EN
Presented study concentrates on both forming and the crisis of the concept of local leadership in Poland, which concerns voits, mayors, and presidents of cities, directly elected by the citizens – e.g. a local government leaders. Particular attention was paid to legal and political mechanisms of their elections and political (democratic) responsibility towards the citizens. In these mechanisms, the factors were detected, which substantially weaken social trustworthiness of the role of the leader. Among them: particularly low rate of voting turnout in both local elections and referenda concerning deposition from appointments listed above and various manipulations distorting the true picture of public in these matters. Concept of a local leader in Poland has met very serious difficulties in practice and seems to be not attractive to the community.
3
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Współczesne problemy rozwoju administracji publicznej w Polsce

100%
Kasiński M.
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
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2011
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vol. 14
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issue 1
215-226
EN
The article focusses on a critical analysis of basic problems that contemporary administration faces in the course of its transformation. The Author has stressed the role of the tendency of economize, citizen participation and deregulation of law. The Author has also shown how the reforms of the Polish administration reflect general globalization and europeization tendencies. He has also distinguished certain paculiarities of the Polish administrative transformation.
4
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Samorząd jako wartość cywilizacyjna

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Kasiński M.
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
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2008
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vol. 11
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issue 2
205-216
EN
The core of the local self-government stems from the Western (Latin) civilization values. European Nations have always fought for the qualities and perseverance of local self government. Currently it is considered an attribute of local democracy, although in the European tradition it has long been related to the pluralist values of social life organization. The communes; freedom, and their independence from the local government have been derived from natural law and seen as a condition for a healthy social system. Contemporarily, local self-government as a law and ability for local communities to manage a range of public matters independently, has been anew recognized as a social system value in uniting Europe. Yet there have also revived certain historical threats to the local selfgovernment arisen from central and local bureaucracy, particularism, and bribing local power elites. In such case, the fight for a local government that complies with Latin civilizational values acquires a special meaning.
5
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Bemerkungen zu den Funde der Przeworsk-Kultur in Mitteldeutschland in der jüngeren vorrömischen Eisenzeit

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Kasiński M.
Recherches Archéologiques Nouvelle Serie
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2010
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vol. 2
43-64
EN
In the Younger Pre-Roman Period the territory of Central Germany was occupied by Jastorf culture. Within this cultural milieu some elements occur typical of areas which are located on the eastern bank of Odra river, that is on the territory of Przeworsk culture. It concerns both material culture and behaviours connected with burial custom. Studies on some specific forms of pottery (cups of TD I) allow to distinguish two regions of Central Germany, which display different reception models of Przeworsk culture traits. Of the first one (Unstrut and Sale region) presence of vessels identical to those known from the area of Przeworsk culture is typical. Within the second zone (central Elbe region and Gubin group) the specimens occur which are usually larger then original cups of type TD I. Second part of the paper is devoted to explanation of this phenomenon. Materials coming from four cemeteries represented both the Jastorf and Przeworsk culture were here the subject of more detailed analysis. It allows to draw the conclusion that observed change in size of TD I cups may be considered as a result of adaptation to the specific norms of burial custom. While in the area of Przeworsk culture cups usually served as a gift, being deposited within the burial pit, in the case of Jastorf culture they were used as container for charred bones. Because their capacity had to be fitted to the volume of remains deposited in them, the positive correlation between age of deceased and the size of cups can be observed.
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