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1

Sługa dwóch panów. Wyrazek się w aspekcie funkcjonalnym

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Kiklewicz A.
Prace Językoznawcze
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2012
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issue 14
135-146
EN
The author presents the functional-linguistic analysis of the syntactic construction in which one of doubling reflexive operators is skipped, comp.: Chce mi się śmiać < ? Chce mi się śmiać się; Postaram się odwdzięczyć < ? Postaram się odwdzięczyć się. A functional-communicative interpretation (in the aspect of ‘’parole”) of this phenomenon is proposed. The author proves that the elimination of the reflective operator is the effect of language economy as the general tendency in language communication. The author considers various cases of evading the operator. Apart from that he presents the results of psycholinguistic experiments that demonstrate the interpretation of constructions of the ‘’V się V” type from the point of view of language users.
2
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О коммуникативно-прагматических аспектах многозначности (2)

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Kiklewicz A.
Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski
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2015
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vol. 1
167-179
EN
The subject of the present article deals with semantic derivation processes, i.e. with modification of the lexical units’ meaning which determines their polysemy (metaphor or metonymy). The author presents theoretical basis for the study of polysemy taking into account the conditions of communicative, pragmatic and anthropological context of the activities of social groups of various formats. In doing so the author’s reasoning is based on linguistic literature on the theory and methodology of language, as well as in the field of lexical semantics. The author pays particular attention to the semantic compilation in the modern lexicography, and describes the phenomenon of metaphor-reminiscences.
3
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JĘZYK W KOMUNIKACJI INTERKULTUROWEJ

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Kiklewicz A.
Acta Neophilologica
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2012
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vol. XIV/1
89-103
EN
The subject of this article is the use of language information by the analysis of the intercultural communication processes. The author describes the so-called precedent phenomena, understood as texts, sentences (for example proverbs, aphorisms, songs), and names, which contain concepts that are especially important for a given culture, wide wellknown for the majority of individuals. Precedent phenomena often function as tools for the conceptualization of experience. Contrastive anthropology deals with comparison of the culture types; it is based on certain parameters. The language and text information gained through this comparison is very useful because the evaluation of any culture type (own or foreign) is expressed (in a more or less transparent way) by the form, structure and content of the so-called culture texts. The author analyses some Russian artistic and journalist texts and then shows the predominantly positive evaluation of Poland and Poles. It relates especially to such culture spheres as science and literature. Inversely, the Russians evaluate the Polish way of politics and national character as rather negative.
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Postmodernizm jako czynnik zmian we współczesnym językoznawstwie w aspekcie epistemicznym, społecznym i etycznym (przy uwzględnieniu innych nauk humanistycznych). Cz. I

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Kiklewicz A.
LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa
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2016
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issue 21
21-34
EN
The author considers the impact of postmodernism on contemporary humanities, and in particular on theoretical linguistics. The main thesis of the paper can be formulated as follows: postmodernism contributes to the increase of such tendencies in linguistics as: blurring of the subject of research, disregard for the ‘directives of language’, i.e. disuse of the conventional scientific language, violations of the requirement of verifiability of statements, and breaking of the rules of communication. The author examines elements of postmodern science using the example of several branches of modern linguistics: cultural linguistics (linguoculturology), ethnolinguistics, anthropological linguistics, cognitive linguistics, and discourse linguistics.
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Analysis of one lexicographic case: the Russian noun svist ‘whistle’

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Kiklewicz A.
Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski
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2022
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vol. 1
331–345
EN
The subject of the article is the application of the case study method to the description of lexical semantics, in particular, to the analysis of a dictionary entry. The author considers the Russian noun SVIST ‘whistle’ as an object, namely, its description in the “Dictionary of the Russian language” (1984). Semantic analysis shows that the description of the word polysemy in the dictionary does not correspond to the nature of the semantic representations that are assigned to this lexeme. The author offers his own version of the semantic description of this noun, in particular, using the category of image-schematic structure. Special attention is devoted to the problem of the dictionary presentation of syntactic representations, i.e. combinatory of the word.
6
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Formalizacja opisu konfrontatywnego języka polskiego

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Kiklewicz A.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Kształcenie Polonistyczne Cudzoziemców
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1998
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vol. 10
7
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FUNKCJONOWANIE NAZW WŁASNYCH W JĘZYKU POTOCZNYM NOWORUSKICH

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Kiklewicz A.
Acta Neophilologica
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2010
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vol. XII
5-16
EN
The present study discusses the pragmatic function of language as realized by proper names in colloquial speech of New Russians who in the 90’s of the 20th century became a new industrial elite in the post-Soviet Russia. Specifically, a type of a sociolect with distinct secrecy features is put to analysis; the secrecy parameter makes the language of New Russians resemble jargon. The linguistic phenomenon discussed is the more interesting as the use of proper names in the language of New Russians violates the informative principle of language interaction. It neglects the cooperation principle, the quantity and the relevance postulates, in particular. The expansion of proper names, most of which refer to brand names or brand-name products, is intentionally used by subjects of communication: first, to realize the deictic function, which indicates the cultural community and the membership within a given social group/stratum; second, to realize the sociative function, which indicates the social structure and manifests solidarity or dominance/superiority towards the addressee. In addition, the expansion of proper names constitutes a characteristic feature of postmodernism.
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Типология форм синтаксической реализации пропозициональных аргументов (на примере русских эмотивных глаголов)

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Kiklewicz A.
Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski
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2019
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vol. 1
419-443
EN
The subject of this article is the syntactic representation of propositional arguments in the sentences with Russian emotional verbs. The opposition of sentential and nominal actants is treated as a gradual one, i.e. represented by a set of syntactic realization forms of propositional arguments: clausal and non-clausal, finite and non-finite, lexical (material) and zero/empty (non-material). All these forms constitute a valence class of a lexical unit. A quantitative analysis of syntactic representations of Russian emotive verbs has shown that the valent characteristics of verbs and the separate subclasses vary in a large range. The most typical forms of filling the position of propositional argument in the class verba sentiendi are predicate and propositional names, and the least typical are clausal actants with the core component in the form of an adjective and infinitive.
9
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O FUNKCJI TRANSFERENCYJNEJ WYPOWIEDZENIA

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Kiklewicz A.
Acta Neophilologica
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2003
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vol. V
99-107
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Imagologia a konstruktywizm

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Kiklewicz A.
Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski
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2020
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vol. 2
305-327
EN
The author considers the problem of creating images, namely its psychological and ontological aspects. Based on the assumption that mental representation is not a mimetic reproduction of objective reality, but a reference to mutually imputed collective knowledge, the author discusses various factors of this situation. The concept proposed by the author is based on presumption that the measure of the compatibility of the image and its designate is the content dispersion occurring in society, i.e. the number of different points of view. In the constructivist model, imaging is based on communication as a modus of the social system, in this case there is a diversification of viewpoints, and the compatibility of the image with its designate is close to 0.
11

Fascination as a communication category on the Internet (with reference to the Russian portal Rambler.ru)

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Kiklewicz A.
Slavica Wratislaviensia
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2020
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vol. 171
23-38
EN
The subject of this article is fascination as a type of communicative influence exerted on the addressees, the purpose of which is to attract or to retain attention to the message and/or its source. In public communication, fascination serves to activate the processing of semantic information, to create a positive image of the source of information and its preferences in the face of increasing market competition, and to prolong communicative contact as an opportunity to distribute advertising copy. Fascination is one of the characteristics of modern media culture. Fascination as a stylistic phenomenon is based on different means, which fall into four categories: the language code, the cognitive system (mental thesaurus, world view), the system of social relations, and the physical environment. On the Internet, semantic information is subordinated to the principle of attractiveness. This concerns such characteristics as preference for events in the sphere of politics, occasionality, sensationalism, dangerous traits, and an intracultural attitude.
PL
Tematem artykułu jest fascynacja jako rodzaj komunikatywnego wpływu na adresatów, którego celem jest przyciągnięcie lub zwrócenie uwagi na przekaz i/lub jego źródło. W komunikacji publicznej fascynacja służy aktywacji przetwarzania informacji semantycznej, stworzeniu pozytywnego wizerunku źródła informacji i jego preferencji w obliczu rosnącej konkurencji rynkowej oraz prolongacji kontaktu komunikacyjnego jako sposobu emitowania reklam. Fascynacja jest jedną z cech współczesnej kultury medialnej. Jako zjawisko stylistyczne fascynacja jest realizowana za pośrednictwem różnych środków, które dzielą się na cztery kategorie: kod językowy, system kognitywny (tezaurus mentalny, światopogląd), system relacji społecznych i środowisko fizyczne (naturalne). Informacja semantyczna jest w internecie uwarunkowana zasadą atrakcyjności. Dotyczy to takich cech, jak preferowanie wydarzeń w świecie polityki, okazjonalność, sensacja, drażniące treści oraz priorytet treści wewnątrzkulturowych.
12
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Zur suggestiven Funktion des Textes

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Kiklewicz A.
Acta Neophilologica
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2005
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issue VII
131-146
EN
The author discusses the basic postulates of logical and pragmatic concepts of the language, distinguishes several aspects of verbal communication influence: a) it concerns the content of influence, b) it concerns the way of influence: ab) the rational influence, bb) the suggestive influence. The suggestion is considered a function, characteristic for the text, which is the linguistic unit of the largest format. Different factors of suggestive function realization in the text are considered: social, psychical, verbal as well as epistemological, and the also suggestive genres and types of texts: folk texts, texts o f superstitions, texts of ancient literature, texts of lullabies, texts of lyrical poetry and other.
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Когнитивная теория метафоры: направления исследований.

100%
Kiklewicz A.
Acta Neophilologica
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2004
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issue VI
91-99
14

Korpus internetowy jako źródło informacji lingwistycznej: ograniczenia*

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Kiklewicz A.
Prace Językoznawcze
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2018
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issue XX/2
75-97
EN
The aim of present analysis is to show the use of Internet corpus in syntactic studies of Slavic languages (especially Russian). Corpus analysis is treated as a research tool, useful in describing linguistic system as well as linguistic activity. The information coming from the corpus allows to determine the frequency of occurrence of units and their combinations in texts as well as the regularity of occurrences of features/properties in the paradigmatic classes. Corpus analysis also provides the ability to verify whether a particular valence property is characteristic for a given word or not. The author shows that the use of Internet corpus in the syntactic research has its limitations. In the case of frequent phenomena, corpus analysis is effective, but does not always allow to document less typical phenomena (for example occasional and potential combinations of tokens). One of the author’s conclusions is that corpus analysis should be configured with introspection and qualitative analysis.
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Status i granice normy językowej w świetle lingwistyki funkcjonalnej

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Kiklewicz A.
Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Językoznawczego
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2017
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vol. 73
65-80
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu jest norma językowa w ujęciu lingwistyki funkcjonalnej. Norma jest traktowana jako zjawisko ambiwalentne, któremu przysługuje zarówno arbitralność, jak i funkcjonalność (adaptacyjny charakter). Za cechy funkcjonalne jednostek normatywnych uznaje się m.in. izomorfizm planu treści i planu formy, jak również minimalizację form alternatywnych. Z punktu widzenia lingwistyki funkcjonalnej norma stanowi jedno ze znaczeń funkcji stylistycznej jednostek językowych (krytycznie ocenia się natomiast substancjalne ujęcie normy). Osobno jest uwzględniany zakres określenia i zakres znaczenia tej funkcji. Do opisu normy, a przede wszystkim jej dywersyfikacji służą cztery parametry: aksjologiczny, desygnacyjny, habitualny i funkcjonalny. Pozwala to na przedstawienie kilku poziomów substandaryzacji normy językowej.
XX
The article discusses language norm from the perspective of functional linguistics. Language norm is treated as an ambivalent phenomenon, which is characterized by arbitrariness as well as by functionality (adaptability). The author considers the isomorphism of the content plan and the form plan as well as the minimization of the alternative forms to be the functional qualities of normative units. From the point of view of functional linguistics, language norm is one of the meanings of the stylistic function of linguistic units (the substantive interpretation of the norm is treated critically). The scope of definition and the scope of meaning of the normative function are treated separately. Four parameters: axiological, designative, habitual and functional, are used in the description and, most of all, diversification of language norm. This allows to present several levels of the substandardization of language norm.
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„Niesforny” biernik rzeczowników męskonieżywotnych w liczbie pojedynczej: o ekspansji tego zjawiska we współczesnym języku polskim i jego czynnikach

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Kiklewicz A.
Język Polski
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2023
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vol. 103
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issue 2
5-25
EN
The subject of this article are the conditions for the use of Polish masculine inanimate singular nouns in the accusative with the -a suffix as a systemic morphological characteristic of masculine animate nouns. The author proposes several ways to explain the reasons for this expansion. Theory wise, the study is based on the system-functional grammar as well as on the natural grammar. The emphasis is placed on the description of the grammatical system in the perspective of the speech activity of language users, focusing in particular on the principles of ergonomics and self-regulation. The author presents the current knowledge on Acc=Gen syncretism, and discusses a set of factors influencing the use of the accusative with the -a suffix in modern Polish: ergonomic, semantic, syntactic, frequency-driven and pragmatic.
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu są uwarunkowania użycia polskich rzeczowników męskonieżywotnych liczby pojedynczej w bierniku z fleksją -a jako systemową charakterystyką morfologiczną rzeczowników męskożywotnych (męskoosobowych oraz męskozwierzęcych). Autor proponuje kilka sposobów wyjaśnienia przyczyn tego zjawiska. Pod względem teoretycznym badanie bazuje na gramatyce systemowo-funkcjonalnej, a także na gramatyce naturalnej: obydwie teorie kładą nacisk na opis systemu gramatycznego w perspektywie działalności mownej użytkowników języka, zwłaszcza przy uwzględnieniu zasad ergonomii i samoregulacji. Autor przedstawia aktualną wiedzę na temat synkretyzmu Acc=Gen, a także omawia zespół czynników wpływających na użycie biernika z fleksją -a we współczesnej polszczyźnie: ergonomiczny, semantyczny, syntaktyczny, frekwencyjny i pragmatyczny.
17
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Kategoria semantyczna komitatywności i jej realizacja w językach polskim i białoruskim

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Kiklewicz A.
Acta Polono-Ruthenica
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2002
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vol. Tom 1 Nr VII
149-160
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Фрагментация текста как средство персуазивности в информационных интернет-сервисах

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Kiklewicz A.
Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski
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2017
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vol. 1
185-205
EN
The article deals with the examples of communicative manipulation in the news services of the Russian Internet by means of fragmentation of the journalistic text. News presentation has a multi-stage, modular nature, and the individual modules (a kind of genre clones) differ in their content: the most generalized, axiologically and pragmatically labeled at the level of header, lid and announcement, more concrete filled with factual information at the level of the summary and the full text. Text fragmentation implements several functions: 1) perceptual and mnemonic; 2) prolongation of the communicative contact; 3) locating (opening space for accompanying, usually commerce information); 4) ideological programming/design.
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Польская и русская школы культурной лингвистики: сходство и различие подходов

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Kiklewicz A.
Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski
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2019
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vol. 2
273-292
EN
The author reviews contemporary cultural linguistics (as one of the fields of anthropological linguistics) in two Slavic countries: Poland and Russia. The first part of the article discusses the general theoretical foundations of cultural linguistics, as well as the circumstances in which it was established in Poland and Russia (USSR). In the second part, the author discusses the distinguishing features of both linguistic traditions. So he writes that in Russia, researchers are more interested in linguoculturology, in particular in the description of concepts and the so-called konceptosphere. In Poland there is a stronger tradition of researching folk culture, folk psychology and folk language, for this reason the methodology of Polish research is based to a greater extent on empirical procedures, such as field research and surveys.
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Pragmatic aspects of street protests discourse (on the example of protests in Belarus in 2020)

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Kiklewicz A.
Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski
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2022
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vol. 2
297-315
EN
The author analyzes the pragmatic properties of protest discourse, taking into account poster slogans used during mass anti-government protests in Belarus in 2020. The theoretical basis of the research is the concept of discourse, based on four categories: intention, representation, performance and context. The author distinguishes among three types of contexts: cognitive, social and event-related (functional). In accordance with the global function of the protest discourse, three types of constitutive language activities are distinguished: modal-evaluative, modal-disapproving and speech acts of ultimatum. The author analyzes these types of speech acts in detail and provides numerous linguistic examples.
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