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Asertywność u dzieci i młodzieży: Problemy teoretyczne i metody pomiaru

100%
Oleś M.
Roczniki Psychologiczne
|
1998
|
vol. 1
73-95
EN
The paper deals with the theoretical issues related with the problems of assertiveness and its studies in children and adolescents. Assertiveness is treated as one of the basic social skills, which makes it possible for a person to act in conformity with his or her own interest, to defend his or her rights without unnecessary fear or to express one’s own beliefs, emotions and thought in a frank, open and direct manner, without encroaching upon others’ rights. Assertive behaviour is linked with a good mood and mental well being. Now aggressiveness or submissiveness are opposite to assertiveness. Many psychological methods draw on to this distinction, including the methods of self-assessment. A. Bandura’s social-cognitive theory is especially useful in explaining assertive behaviour. It lays theoretical foundations for the programmes of training social skills. A review of methods includes: R. Deluty’s Children’s Action Tendency Scale (CATS), L. Michelson’s and R. Wood’s Children’s Assertive Behaviour Scale (CABS) as adapted by M. Oleś, Adolescent Assertion Expression Scale (AAES) by J. Connor et al., and T. Ollendick’s Children’s Assertiveness Inventory (CAI). Methodological problems of assertiveness measurement have been discussed on the basis of several examples of scales, with a view to their possibilities and limitations, and how they can be used under Polish conditions.
2
Content available remote

Sprawozdanie z konferencji „Aktualia 2001”

100%
Oleś M.
Roczniki Psychologiczne
|
2001
|
vol. 4
285-286
3
Content available remote

Psychologiczna charakterystyka dzieci o wysokim i niskim poczuciu osamotnienia

100%
Oleś M.
Roczniki Psychologiczne
|
2006
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vol. 9
|
issue 1
121-140
PL
Tematyka artykułu koncentruje się wokół problemu osamotnienia u dzieci. Porównano dzieci o wysokim i niskim poczuciu osamotnienia w zakresie wybranych cech osobowości (CPQ R. B. Cattella), samooceny (SES M. Rosenberga i SEI S. Coopersmitha), asertywności (CABS L. Michelsona i R. Wooda) i zmiennych klinicznych ważnych z punktu widzenia prawidłowych relacji interpersonalnych: depresja (DSRS P. Birlesona i CDI M. Kovacs), pesymizm (HPLS A. E. Kazdina). Dodatkowo chodziło o wykrycie zmiennych warunkujących poczucie osamotnienia u dzieci w wieku szkolnym. Rezultaty przeprowadzonych badań dzieci w wieku 11-13 lat (N = 90; w tym dziewcząt N = 41, chłopców N= 49) wskazują, że dzieci o wysokim poczuciu osamotnienia są bardziej zamknięte w sobie, emocjonalnie wrażliwe, nieśmiałe, submisyjne i refleksyjne w porównaniu z dziećmi towarzyskimi. Charakteryzuje je podwyższone napięcie nerwowe, skłonność do obwiniania siebie i niska samoocena. Wykazują obniżony nastrój i pesymistyczne nastawienie do przyszłości. Obniżone poczucie własnej wartości, pesymizm i nieśmiałość - to główne uwarunkowania poczucia osamotnienia u dzieci; istnieje w tym względzie specyfika z uwagi na płeć. Uzyskane rezultaty przedyskutowano w świetle teorii cech oraz teorii społeczno-poznawczej. Implikacje praktyczne z badań wskazują na potrzebę opracowania programów interwencyjnych dla dzieci o wysokim poczuciu osamotnienia, które uwzględniałyby umacnianie poczucia własnej wartości oraz kształtowanie umiejętności społecznych.
EN
The article focuses on the issue of loneliness in children. Children with high and low levels of loneliness were compared on a range of measures pertaining to personality (Cattell's CPQ), self-esteem (Rosenberg's SES and Coopersmith's SEI), assertiveness (Michelson and Wood's CABS) and clinical variables crucial from the point of view of normal interpersonal relationships: depression (Birleson's DSRS and Kovac's CDI) and pessimism (Kazdin's HPLS). Additional analyses were carried out to identify the variables determining loneliness o school-age children. The study involved N = 90 children (41 girls and 49 boys) aged 11-13. The results showed that children with high loneliness are more closed, emotionally sensitive, shy, submissive and reflexive, as compared to non-lonely children. They were found to have increased emotional tension, tendency for self-blame and low self-esteem. They also showed lowered mood and pessimistic attitude towards future. Low self-esteem, pessimism and shyness were found to be the main factors accounting for loneliness in children, although in this respect gender-specific differences were also found. The results were discussed in terms of traits theory and social-cognitive theory. Practical implications of this study point to the need for development of intervention programmes designed for children with high loneliness. Such programmes should address action towards enhancement of self-esteem and development of social skills.
4

POSITIVE ORIENTATION AND GENERALIZED SELF-EFFICACY

39%
Oleś P. K., Alessandri G., Oleś M., Bak W., Jankowski T., Laguna M., Caprara Gian V.
Studia Psychologica
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2013
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vol. 55
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issue 1
47 – 59
EN
The beliefs that people hold about themselves, their life and future are important and mutually related constituents of psychological functioning and well-being. In this paper, we investigated the relationship between positive orientation and generalized self-efficacy. The sample consisted of 672 participants aged 15-72 years (274 males). The results confirmed the first hypothesis that positive orientation and generalized self-efficacy constitute two distinct but correlated constructs. The results were confirmed across the three age groups and, contrary to the second hypothesis, age was not confirmed as a moderator of the relationship between positive orientation and self-efficacy.
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