The paper deals with some contact phenomena in grammar typical of the ascendant dialects, which were inherited by two Czech and one Polish immigrant patois spoken in Russia. The Czech patois are located in several villages near Novorossiysk and Anapa in the Northern Caucasus and also in the Middle Irtysh area of the Omsk Region, the Polish (Masovian) one in the Krasnoyarsk Region and in the Republic of Khakassia.These patois show relatively good preservation of their original dialectal systems, including not only old lexical borrowings from German, but also grammatical features that appeared as a result of the longtime contact of West Slavic dialects with German in central and northeastern Europe. At the same time the systems of the examined patois as a whole, as well as their elements of contact origin, have been strongly influenced by their East Slavic language surroundings, most of all by the Russian language. The author concludes that set and functioning of the analyzed borrowed units or structures and contact features in Czech and Polish dialects although partly similar, differed somewhat. It depended on the speakers’ relative tendencies to personalize and give detail; it also depended on the features sentence construction observed in both languages.
The aim of this article is to introduce a typology of Slavic immigrant dialects spoken in the Russian Federation. The paper deals with two Polish and three Czech varieties located in Siberia, in the case of the Czech ones also at the Black Sea coast of the Northern Caucasus and, partly, with West Ukrainian patois of Siberian Hollanders. The author outlines the current state of their research and analyzes the most eloquent examples of the phonological and grammatical resemblances between them which appeared mainly due to the fact that their original dialectal systems have been similarly influenced by their language surroundings, first of all by Russian. In particular attention is drawn to the problem of penetration of Russian palatalized consonants to phonetic or even phonological systems of those dialects. In morphology, it is shown that the functional sphere of some grammatical categories and forms has changed in the examined dialects not only under influence from Russian, but sometimes also as a result of their independent development in an insular situation.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie typologii „innosłowiańskich” gwar przesiedleńczych w Rosji. Przedmiotem analizy są dwie polskie i trzy czeskie gwary występujące na Syberii oraz, w przypadku odmian czeskich, na czarnomorskim wybrzeżu Kaukazu Północnego, częściowo też zachodnioukraińska gwara Holendrów (Olędrów) syberyjskich. Autor charakteryzuje aktualny stan badań i przytacza najwyrazistsze przykłady podobieństw między nimi, które powstały przede wszystkim w wyniku analogicznego oddziaływania na pierwotne systemy tych gwar ich wschodniosłowiańskiego otoczenia językowego, zwłaszcza języka rosyjskiego. W obrębie fonetyki/fonologii zwraca się szczególną uwagę na problem przenikania rosyjskich spółgłosek spalatalizowanych do systemu omawianych gwar. W morfologii na kilku przykładach pokazano, że zakres funkcjonowania niektórych kategorii i form gramatycznych zmieniał się w badanych gwarach nie tylko pod wpływem języka rosyjskiego, ale czasem też w wyniku niezależnego rozwoju ich systemów w sytuacji wyspowej.
The goal of this article is to present the main factors that form Polish national identity or Masurian ethnic peculiarity of the descendants of the Polish immigrants from Masuria who moved at the end of the 19th century to Western Siberia and nowadays live in two villages located in the Krasnoyarsk Krai and in the Republic of Khakassia. The author examines such features as the maintenance of their specific dialect and some elements of the original folk tradition, especially of wedding customs, as well as the collective or individual historical memory which goes back to the roots, but also includes events of different periods of the history of the USSR. Special attention is drawn to the religious factor (conversion from Lutheranism, which was original confession of the Polish immigrants from Masuria, to Baptism).
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