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Wpływ procesów transformacji na rozwój małych firm prywatnych w Polsce

100%
Kamińska W.
Przedsiębiorczość - Edukacja
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2006
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vol. 2
55-64
EN
The transformation of socioeconomic system in Poland started at the end of eighties of the 20th century. Already existing political, social, economic and regional structures in the course of this process had changed. Changes in size and ownership structure of the business entities had been particularly extensive, what resulted in dynamic development of small companies and their significant market growth in the structure of the employed in the national economy from: 7,9% in the year 1988, to 23,8% in 2004. The process of changes in size and the ownership structure of the business entities had taken place upon various intensity of the time and place. The goal of this article is to answer the following questions:. 1. What are the regularities of development and transformation of spatial structure of small companies in the period of transformation in Poland? 2. What are the regularities of transformation of genre structure of small private companies during the transformation period in Poland? 3. What are the factors that influence upon the development of small private companies during the transformation period in Poland?
2
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Polityka państwowa wobec sektora małych i średnich firm w latach 1990-2000

100%
Kamińska W.
Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego
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2002
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vol. 4
129-140
PL
W okresie transformacji gospodarki narodowej szczególnego znaczenia nabierają zmiany struktury własnościowej podmiotów gospodarczych. Konieczność tych zmian jest bowiem uważana za niezbędny warunek zwiększenia efektywności gospodarki oraz podwyższenia poziomu życia społeczeństwa. W polskich warunkach istotnym elementem przekształceń własnościowych jest rozwój sektora małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw (MSP). Przedsiębiorstwa tej kategorii aktywnie uczestniczą w procesach demonopolizacji i restrukturyzacji gospodarki, budowie infrastruktury ekonomicznej, koniecznej do efektywnego funkcjonowania całej gospodarki (Sobczyk 1999). Drobne firmy odznaczają się elastycznością działania, mobilnością, większą odpornością na zjawiska kryzysowe i dużą efektywnością działania. Stwarzają dodatkowe miejsca pracy, opierają się głównie na lokalnych surowcach oraz doskonale sprawdzają się w kooperacji z dużymi przedsiębiorstwami (Kamińska 1996).
3
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Kapitał ludzki a spójność ekonomiczna obszarów wiejskich w Polsce

100%
Kamińska W.
Rozwój Regionalny i Polityka Regionalna
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2014
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issue 26
35-56
EN
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between human capital understood as the knowledge of society and the degree of economic cohesion of rural areas in Poland. Synthetic index based on the 9 measures showing the financial, economic and infrastructure situations in rural areas was constructed to examine the economic cohesion. As a measure of human capital, a proportion of the population with at least secondary education was adopted. The analysis was performed at the level of counties. The study showed that there is a weak or moderate relationship between the studied traits. The coefficient correlation calculated for all counties was only 0.173, and the coefficient of determination was 0.03. In contrast, the correlation coefficient calculated for the number of spatial units reduced by the districts drastically differ from the observed trend was 0.404, and the coefficient of determination was 0.163. This means that the level of economic coherence determine other factors.
PL
Celem pracy jest próba określenia relacji między kapitałem ludzkim rozumianym jako zasób wiedzy społeczeństwa a stopniem spójności ekonomicznej obszarów wiejskich w Polsce. Dla określenia spójności ekonomicznej skonstruowano syntetyczny miernik w oparciu o 9 mierników cząstkowych obrazujących sytuację finansową, gospodarczą i infrastrukturalną obszarów wiejskich. Jako miernik kapitału ludzkiego przyjęto odsetek ludności z wykształceniem co najmniej średnim. Analizę przeprowadzono na poziomie powiatów. Wykazała ona, że istnieje co najwyżej umiarkowana zależność między badanymi cechami. Współczynnik korelacji liczony dla całej zbiorowości jednostek przestrzennych wyniósł zaledwie 0,173, a determinacji 0,03. Natomiast współczynnik korelacji liczony dla zbiorowości jednostek przestrzennych pomniejszonej o powiaty drastycznie odbiegające od zauważonych tendencji wynosił 0,404, a determinacji 0,163. Oznacza to, że o poziomie spójności ekonomicznej w głównym stopniu decydowały inne czynniki.
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Aktywność gospodarcza osób fizycznych na obszarach wiejskich w Polsce

100%
Kamińska W.
Studia komitetu przestrzennego zagospodarowania kraju PAN
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2011
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issue 133
103-127
5
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Przemiany struktury і poziomu wykształcenia ludności wiejskiej w Polsce w latach 2002-2011

100%
Kamińska W.
Studia komitetu przestrzennego zagospodarowania kraju PAN
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2014
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issue 156
129-167
6
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Inwestycje w kapitał ludzki na obszarach wiejskich. Przykład Polski Wschodniej

100%
Kamińska W.
Studia komitetu przestrzennego zagospodarowania kraju PAN
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2014
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issue 154
101-116
7
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Social capital in rural areas in Poland the case of the Świętokrzyskie province

100%
Kamińska W.
Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development
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2010
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vol. 14
241-253
EN
The study tackles the issue of the spatial distribution of social capital in Polish rural areas, using the example of the Świętokrzyskie province. R. Putnam's theory was adopted as to social capital referring to social networks and the norms of reciprocity and trustworthiness that arise from them. A synthetic indicator of the quality of social capital was developed, which included 4 components: civic and religious engagement, reciprocity, honesty, trust and local press readership. The research was conducted mainly on the basis of unpublished data. Gminas (municipalities) with a high, an average and a low level of social capital were identified. The highest level of social capital was recorded in highly urbanised gminas with a favourable demographic structure. An average level of social capital was characteristic of typical agricultural gminas. A low level of social capital was recorded in areas with well developed industrial functions. The farmers employed at industrial plants in addition to working on their own farms, which was a prevailing practice in the time of the centrally planned economy, had a largely adverse impact on the weakening of bridging capital, and in recent years the population has not been capable to develop bonding capital as yet.
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Preferowane formy wypoczynku młodzieży akademickiej - znaczenie rowerów i ścieżek rowerowych. Wyniki badań ankietowych

63%
Kamińska W., Mularczyk M.
Studia komitetu przestrzennego zagospodarowania kraju PAN
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2015
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issue 166
83-99
9
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Baza agroturystyczna w świetle oczekiwań młodzieży akademickiej.Wyniki badań ankietowych

63%
Kamińska W., Mularczyk M.
Studia komitetu przestrzennego zagospodarowania kraju PAN
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2015
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issue 162
155-168
EN
The aim of this paper is to explore students expectations towards agritourist base in a broad sense. It was assumed in the paper that agritourist base means all kinds of tourist objects and devices that help in satisfying the farms visitors needs connected with passive and active leisure. Therefore, it contains elements of agritourist farm’s equipment, room facilities and activities/services connected with farm functioning that come from the agritourism definition. Expectations, however, are defined as presumption, hope, desire, as something desired and anticipated. Survey was the basic method used in this research. Survey was conducted on 639 students representing different academic centres and different courses of study. The results of the research show that students expectations towards agritourist base are close to the analogous expectations of an average tourist. Nevertheless, it should be noted that the academic youth expect conditions for active leisure more often. They carry out adventure tourism activities (riding a bike, horse riding, water sports, hiking etc.) during the day, frequently using their private equipment. In the evenings, on the other hand, passive leisure by the fire or grill is preferred. That is why students’ expectations are mainly focused on permanent elements of tourist infrastructure.
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Oczekiwania studentów związane z wyposażeniem pokoi w gospodarstwach agroturystycznych a ich wybrane cechy społeczno-demograficzne

63%
Kamińska W., Mularczyk M.
Studia komitetu przestrzennego zagospodarowania kraju PAN
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2015
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issue 163
178-193
11
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Development and distribution of private microfirms in mid-size Polish towns during the transformation period

63%
Kamińska W., Mularczyk M., Miłaszewska M.
Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development
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2006
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vol. 12
175-184
EN
The objective of the paper is to present the development and distribution of microfirms in mid-size Polish towns during the years of transformation of the political system. Research comprised towns with a population numbering from 20 thousand to 100 thousand inhabitants. According to the Central Office of Statistics reporting standards it is recognized that micro enterprises are economic entities employing up to nine people. Research has shown that a dynamie growth of microfirms took place during the transformation period in mid-size Polish towns. Majority of them came into being in towns with high tourism values located near border Crossing points, along the main communication routes, on the edge of great urbanindustrial agglomerations and towns located within special economic zones. On the other hand, the least number of microfirms were recorded in towns with less than 50 thousand inhabitants, usually peripherally located in a given voivodship.
12
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Demographic types of small cities in Poland

63%
Kamińska W., Mularczyk M.
Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development
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2014
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vol. 18
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issue 4
24-33
EN
The aim of the study was to determine the demographic types of all small cities in Poland in 2013 and to identify the standards of their spatial diversity. The following questions were posed: Which demographic types are dominant among the small cities of Poland? Is there a relation between a specific demographic type and the size of the city? Does the structure of small cities according to their demographic types relate to their distance from main roads and urban agglomerations? The study applied the Webb’s typology, the K. Doi leading element method, the departure from average indicator, and the nonparametric Chi squared test. The spatial regularities were identified based on the created maps. The results of the study show that small cities of Poland in 2013 were represented by all demographic types, but most of them were regressive. They were established in 80% of small cities. The main element determining the population trends of small cities was the negative migration balance, which was observed in 80% of the surveyed areas. It was also established that the population of small cities has a slight impact on population trends. The most important aspect of their development is the distance from agglomerations and main roads.
13
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Development of agritourism in Poland: a critical analysis of students’ expectations of agritourism farms

63%
Kamińska W., Mularczyk M.
Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development
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2015
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vol. 19
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issue 4
44-55
EN
The aim of this paper is to determine the expectations of students from selected Polish academic centers toward facilities at agritourist farms, and identifying the socio-demographic characteristics that determined those expectations. A survey method was used in this research. Using the Likert’s five-level scale, respondents rated the significance of elements of agritourist farm facilities. It was found that academic youth expected, above all, facilities for enabling passive leisure and the independent preparation of meals. Provision of facilities for active leisure were of less significance to them. Gender, place of living, field of study and prior experience connected to leisure on the farms analyzed were not factors that differentiated students’ expectations. A weak correlation was found between students’ expectations of facilities at agritourist farms and their economic status. Students’ expectations were very similar to the expectations of the average agritourist. Research results confirmed some of the results known from the literature, stating that socio-demographic characteristics differentiated the expectations of academic youth to a small extent. However, the effects obtained did not correspond to results claiming that age, gender, place of living and income have a significant influence on tourist expectations. Additionally psychographic characteristics should be considered in the following research. A combination of demographic and psychographic characteristics may offer a wider base for analysis and give better end results, allowing market segmentation.
14
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Structure of Demographic Types of Small Towns in Poland. Spatial and Temporal Approach

63%
Kamińska W., Mularczyk M.
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2016
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vol. 23
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issue 2
27-47
EN
The aim of this paper is to determine changes in the structure of demographic types of small towns in Poland between 2004 and 2013. It is assumed in the paper, following the Central Statistical Office of Poland, that small towns are urban settlements having less than 20,000 inhabitants. The time period covered in this study is the time of Poland’s accession to the EU, which brought reduction of many barriers on the labour market and in migration movement. Demographic types of small towns were determined using Webb’s typology. Natural increase and migration indicators constitute its base. It was found that the share of towns of progressive character decreased and the share of those of regressive character increased in the analyzed period. A negative migration balance had the greatest effect on the number of inhabitants of the analyzed settlement units. The described demographic changes in small towns in Poland were connected with the second stage of demographic transition.
15
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Inteligentne rozwiązania technologiczne w działalności rolniczej

51%
Kiniorska I., Brambert P., Kamińska W.
Rozwój Regionalny i Polityka Regionalna
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2021
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issue 55
45-66
EN
The aim of the study was to determine the importance of innovative technologies used in selected forms of agricultural activity in the Polish countryside. For that purpose, examples of farms conducting economic activity based on vegetable and fruit farming were presented. The analysis was based on the information obtained in 2019 during direct field interviews, supported with statistical data on national crops and harvests. Application of smart technologies in agricultural activities is very important as it improves the quality of agricultural production. Properly selected, sustainable agricultural technologies are one of the components of the smart village concept. However, improving agriculture without active participation of human factor and stable economic system is not effective.
PL
Celem opracowania było określenie znaczenia nowoczesnych technologii stosowanych w wybranych formach działalności rolniczej polskiej wsi. Ukazano przykłady gospodarstw prowadzących działalność gospodarczą w oparciu o warzywnictwo i sadownictwo. Podstawą analizy były informacje uzyskane w 2019 r. podczas bezpośrednich wywiadów terenowych, uzupełnione danymi statystycznymi na temat krajowych upraw i zbiorów. Stosowanie inteligentnych rozwiązań technologicznych w działalności rolniczej ma duże znaczenie, ponieważ podnosi jakość produkcji rolnej. Właściwie dobrane, zrównoważone technologie rolne są jednym z komponentów koncepcji inteligentnej wsi. Jednak takie usprawnienie rolnictwa bez aktywnego włączenia czynnika ludzkiego i stabilnego systemu gospodarczego nie jest efektywne.
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Migrations of elderly people in the world and in Poland

51%
Pytel S., Kamińska W., Kiniorska I., Brambert P.
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2020
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vol. 27
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issue 2
155-170
EN
Migrations of seniors in the 21st century accurately reflect the socio-demographic changes in developed countries. Their intensity increases in various parts of the world. In Europe, pensioners from the north move to the region of the Mediterranean Sea. Seniors from the United States and Canada are attracted to the countries of Central and South America. The goal of this study is to identify the trends in foreign migrations of seniors in selected countries of the world, with special regard to the migration of Polish pensioners. The study shows that contemporary seniors can afford to purchase property abroad and the driving forces for the migration movement include: warm climate, beautiful landscape, and a healthier and slower pace of living at the final destination. However, when it comes to Polish pensioners, the main reason for their migrations is their attempt to improve their economic conditions.
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Perceived destination image of Poland: an analysis based on Ukrainian and Russian perceptions

39%
Kamińska W., Mularczyk M., Chrapek M., Dubis L., Malska M., Nesterov E.
Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development
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2021
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vol. 25
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issue 3
EN
The purpose of this article is to compare the perceived destination image of Poland as seen by Russians and Ukrainians. This study contributes to understanding the process of how the image of a destination is shaped, the new contribution being the comparison of the image of Poland as perceived by visitors and non-visitors of two nations, which until 1991 were a part of one state. The study is based on a questionnaire consisting of 16 statements on the perceived destination image of Poland. A 5-point Likert scale was used in the survey. A total of 710 people were examined, including 348 Russians and 362 Ukrainians. The reliability of the survey was assessed using Cronbach's alpha index. The hypotheses verification, using Student's t-test, showed that Russians and Ukrainians perceived Poland as an attractive country in terms of tourism. No major diferences between Russians and Ukrainians were observed in the perception of Poland as a tourist destination. Moreover, no influence of past experience was noted on the shaping of the perceived destination image of Poland. Additionally, some managerial implications of significant relevance to destination marketing are discussed, and future directions for research are outlined.
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