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PL
Hazel Rosenstrauch, Wahlverwandt und ebenbürtig. Caroline und Wilhelm von Humboldt, Eichborn Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2009, 334 s.
PL
The article is an attempt to take notice of and highlight the role of women in the making of the Germany’s one of a kind cultural phenomenon, the Weimar Classicism. This standpoint, insufficiently presented in Polish literature, is discussed more broadly on the example of three Weimar women from the times of Goethe: Princess Anna Amalia, Charlotta von Stein and Sophie von la Roche
PL
The main aim of this article is to describe and analyze St. Anselm concept of eternity to present a non-obvious dimension of this idea. Because his philosophical andtheological notion of eternity does not involve only – as common sense suggests – the idea of time but also the very concept of necessity. However, this time, it goes far beyond the understanding of the necessity only in logical terms like it was in case of his ontologicalproof for the existence of God.
EN
The aim of the text is to show the affinities between the ideas of Wilhelm von Humboldt and the hermeneutical philosophy, especially those elaborated by H.-G. Gadamer. To accomplish it it develops a special perspective of comparison that goes beyond the philosophy of language, reaching not only the moral-ontological but also the aesthetical foundations of philosophy. The acceptance of the otherness of the others is both of them a pre-form of philosophical anthropology and is connected by both of them with the tradition of dialogical thinking (which in case of von Humboldt goes back to the so-called dialogical principle of Jacobi and in case of Gadamer – to the inspiration gained by Ebner, Rosenzweig and Levinas).
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EN
The article offers a detailed analysis of an official document of 1809 by Wilhelm von Humboldt titled “On the Project of a New Constitution for Jews”, which had a major impact on the process of granting them equal rights in Prussia. This slim document contributed in a direct way to the adoption in 1812 of the most progressive emancipation edict that equaled the rights and obligations of Jews to those of other citizens. Being a momentous manifestation of classic German liberalism it voiced the staunch opposition of a Prussian statesman and philosopher of the law against enlightened absolutism. Humboldt based his arguments on the belief that in the process of creating the rule of law it is indispensable to proclaim an individual’s inalienable rights to freedom and security. The text also mirrors the revolutionary changes that led in the second half of the 18th century to dissolution of the traditional model of Jewish life.
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2016
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vol. 32
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issue 1
60-72
EN
The perspective of the history of sexuality, as suggested by M. Foucault, seems to be useful for the recognition of Eros in Fichte's philosophy as an element of the 18th Century widespread interest in human sexuality. An interest which, however, had a specific purpose. If one looks at the shape of his own thoughts about love, it is still difficult to find any motives that go beyond the legislation of the rational nature. Love did not come here to the people unexpected, it does not have any separate dialect here, and the sensitivity and sensuality of Eros are based more on the responsibility and the duty of self-sacrifice. Fichte also failed to overcome the Enlightenment paradigm in thinking about the woman. However, this review should not be definitive, in view of the peculiar character of Fichte's work, like his little-known early poetic attempts or the novella The Lovers’ Valley, certainly written in the spirit of Romanticism. It should therefore come as no surprise that for J. W. von Goethe Fichte not only rapidly becomes an artist-philosopher, but in particular a great inspiration behind the so-called "Jena Romanticism".
PL
Perspektywa historii seksualności - jak sugeruje M. Foucault - wydaje się użyteczna także do rozpoznania roli Erosa w filozofii Fichtego jako przykładu rozpowszechnionego w wieku XVIII szerokiego zainteresowania ludzką seksualnością. Zainteresowania, które w przypadku Fichtego miało szczególny cel. Jeśli bowiem przyjrzymy się jego przemyśleniom na temat miłości trudno będzie tam szukać czegoś, co wykraczałoby poza uprawomocnienie racjonalności natury. Miłość nie nadchodzi tutaj nieoczekiwanie, nie wyraża się we własnym języku, zaś czułość i zmysłowość erosa wyrastają raczej z odpowiedzialności i służby samopoświęcenia. Także w kwestii przezwyciężenia oświeceniowego paradygmatu myślenia o kobiecie Fichte zawodzi. Choć należałoby być może unikać takiej jednoznaczności, biorąc pod uwagę szczególny charakter niektórych jego dzieł, jak wczesnych i mało znanych prób poetyckich, czy noweli Dolina kochanków pisanej niewątpliwie w duchu romantyzmu. Nie może zatem zaskakiwać, że J. W. Goethe nie tylko nazywał Fichtego filozofem-artystą, lecz także istotną inspiracją dla tak zwanego "romantyzmu jenajskiego".  
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