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1

O metodzie prac ustrojowych w II Rzeczypospolitej. Praktyka parlamentarna w procesie przekształceń konstytucyjnych

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Wojtacki M.

Przegląd Sejmowy

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2022

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issue 1(168)

155-197

EN

This study depicts the evolution of doctrine and political practice in the Second Republic of Poland in the field of the parliament’s constitutional work. The influence of the native politico-legal tradition, first of all the Constitution of 3 May, on the solutions adopted in the March Constitution has also been discussed, particularly in terms of obligatory revision of the fundamental law. Additionally, the paper mentions the process of departure from the concepts arising from the experiences of the partitioning states in favour of the republican ideas, which although not exactly identical, were nonetheless closer to the Polish political tradition, the reflection of which was the formula of extraordinary revision based on the French constitutionalism. The text also refers to the proceedings of the enactment of the April Constitution, which were inconsistent with the prevailing constitutional norms. The legitimisation of these activities was constituted by the decisions of the Marshals of both chambers of the Polish parliament, resulting from the powers conferred on them by the internal regulations of the representation. Furthermore, it was indicated that the parallel introduction into the political system of institutions created in entirely different historical and social conditions led to a crisis of the state and its structures and consequently to the systemic change, the expression of which was the new constitution in 1935.

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"Monarchista Wileński" - przyczynek do dziejów polskiej prasy monarchistycznej w okresie Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej

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Wojtacki M.

Historia i Polityka

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2005

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issue 3

139-150

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Idea prawa narodowego na łamach „Prawa” (1928–1939) i „Współczesnej Myśli Prawniczej” (1935–1939)

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Wojtacki M.

Historia i Polityka

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2011

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vol. 6(13)

53-73

EN

At the turn of the twenties and thirties of the twentieth century, the idea to elaborate Polish national law was born among some law students of Polish universities. The place where this concept was being shaped was the student journal “Law”, which from mid-thirties represented the majority of the academic law circles existing at law faculties of Polish universities, and then “Contemporary Legal Thought” on whose pages law faculty graduates presented their ideas. The aim set by young lawyers was to formulate a legal doctrine whose centre would be constituted by a nation understood as a community based on centuries-old tradition of experiences. The form of national organisation which the publishers of the above mentiones journals attempted to create was a national state. The shaping of national law was to be the consequence of the process of its nationalization (to make it national and free from foreign influences). This process was to take place in three areas: normative, axiological and psychological one. Therefore, in the first sphere, the eff orts were to be undertaken in order to make law national by basing it on historical sources of Polish constitutional tradition. The objective of the activities in the second area was to define the main ideas, that is, moral imperatives which had been developed in Polish politico-legal thought in its historical evolution, and in the third one — fundamental principles were to be determined deriving from the Polish nation’s experiences in its spiritual development. The idea of national law formulated by these young lawyers should be perceived as the response to the conviction about the crisis of civilization prevailing in Europe at that time. This crisis, in their opinion, had moral, economic and political dimensions. They saw improvement of the contemporary relations in each of the mentioned spheres in the reception of national law in political practice.

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Krajowe Stronnictwo Ludowe Ziem Litewsko–Białoruskich „Zjednoczenie” i jego organ prasowy „Wioska” w kampanii wyborczej do Sejmu II kadencji (1928–1930)

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Wojtacki M.

Historia i Polityka

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2015

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issue 13(20)

129-140

EN

In this article the political and publishing activity of the Native Peasants’ Party of Lithuanian-Belorussian Lands ‘Unification’ was presented, which has hitherto been omitted in the studies of the history of Polish political parties in the interwar period. The formation of this new political organization was inspired by the central authorities of Pilsudski’s ruling camp. Its main task was to keep under surveillance, and finally take over or split political structures of peasants’ and Belorussian parties acting in the northeastern provinces of the Second Republic of Poland (those of Vilnius and Nowogrodek), which in the assessment of the representatives of the post-May regime could pose a threat to the electoral register of the Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government. Similar activities were undertaken by supporters of Pilsudski during the election campaign for the Second Term Sejm (1928–1930) all over the country. The press organ of the new party was a weekly ‘Village’, which was published at the beginning of 1928. Apart from that, the party’s authorities issued their announcements and political programme on the pages of ‘Kurier Wilenski’ and ‘Białoruski Dzień’. The latter title functioned as a platform for Native Peasants’ Party of Lithuanian-Belorussian Lands ‘Unification’ aimed at the Belorussian population inhabiting the so-called Eastern borderlands of the Second Republic of Poland.

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„Na Dobie”. Monografia zapomnianego tygodnika konserwatywnego z okresu międzywojennego

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Wojtacki M.

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2015

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vol. 8

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issue 2(15)

55-74

PL

W styczniu 1930 r., został wydany pierwszy numer nowego tygodnika politycznego związanego z obozem konserwatywnym „Na Dobie”. Pismem kierował były redaktor odpowiedzialny „Dnia Polskiego” Adolf Dziaczkowki, który w połowie grudnia 1929 r. ustąpił z redakcji dziennika po konflikcie z zarządzającymi pismem członkami Stronnictwa Prawicy Narodowej. Przeciwstawiał się bowiem prowadzonej przez nich lojalistycznej polityce względem rządów pomajowych Marszałka Józefa Piłsudskiego. Nowe pismo miało ambicje reprezentować wszystkie środowiska polityczne związane z wsią i rolnictwem. Dlatego też pomimo konserwatywnej proweniencji, redaktor pisma podjął – nieudane – działania na rzecz budowy nowego stronnictwa politycznego – „Stronnictwa Rolniczego”. Poza tym publicyści pisma koncentrowali się na komentowaniu bieżących wydarzeń politycznych. W swych opiniach skupiali się na krytyce działań tzw. pułkowników – najbliższych współpracowników Marszałka, wspierając jednocześnie centrową część Bezpartyjnego Bloku Współpracy z Rządem skupioną wokół profesora Kazimierza Bartla, który pełnił funkcję premiera w momencie powstania pisma. „Na Dobie” nie zdołało jednak zdobyć stałego grona czytelników i współpracowników, co pozwoliłoby na przetrwanie pisma na rynku prasowym. Pomiędzy 5 stycznia a 13 kwietnia 1930 r. wydano jedynie 15 numerów tygodnika, które po tym czasie zaprzestało działalności wydawniczej.

EN

In January 1930, the first issue of a new political weekly connected with the conservative camp “Na Dobie” was published. The paper was run by Adolf Dziaczkowski – the former responsible editor of “Dzień Polski”, who in mid-December 1929 had left the editorial staff of the Warsaw conservative daily after his conflict with the members of the Stronnictwo Prawicy Narodowej [National Right Party] being in charge of the journal, opposing their loyalist policy towards Józef Piłsudski's post-May rule. The new paper had an ambition to represent all the political circles whose interest were tied to agricultural activity. Therefore, in spite of his conservative provenance, the weekly's editor took up – in vain – action towards building a new political formation “Agricultural Party”. Apart from that, the publicists focused their attention on commenting current political events. In their opinions they concentrated on criticizing the so called “colonels” – the Marshals' closest adherents, at the same time supporting the center part of the Bezpartyjny Blok Współpracy z Rządem [Nonpartisan Block of Cooperation with the Government] gathered around professor Kazimierz Bartel, who was Prime Minister five times in the years 1926–1930. “Na Dobie”, however, did not manage to win a regular group of readers and associates, which would allow the journal to survive on the press market. Between 5th January and 13th April 1930, only fifteen issues were published. The weekly probably collapsed due to financial causes, which is indicated by its falling circulation starting with the seventh issue.

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Statut Stowarzyszenia pod nazwą "Polskie Stronnictwo Polityki Realnej"

100%

Wojtacki M.

Historia i Polityka

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2005

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issue 1

153-162

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6 Wojtacki M.

O metodzie prac ustrojowych w II Rzeczypospolitej. Praktyka parlamentarna w procesie przekształceń konstytucyjnych

"Monarchista Wileński" - przyczynek do dziejów polskiej prasy monarchistycznej w okresie Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej

Idea prawa narodowego na łamach „Prawa” (1928–1939) i „Współczesnej Myśli Prawniczej” (1935–1939)

Krajowe Stronnictwo Ludowe Ziem Litewsko–Białoruskich „Zjednoczenie” i jego organ prasowy „Wioska” w kampanii wyborczej do Sejmu II kadencji (1928–1930)

„Na Dobie”. Monografia zapomnianego tygodnika konserwatywnego z okresu międzywojennego

Statut Stowarzyszenia pod nazwą "Polskie Stronnictwo Polityki Realnej"