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Komparativ v korpusu: explanace morfematické struktury českého stupňování na základě frekvence tvarů

100%
Křivan J.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2012
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vol. 73
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issue 1
13-46
EN
The aim of this paper is to thoroughly investigate the morphological marking of comparative and superlative synthetic forms of Czech adjectives and to show the role of frequency in explaining their structure. Based on functional usage-based approaches (the role of frequency effects and the relationship between frequency asymmetries and universal morphosyntactic asymmetries) and on natural written data from the Czech National Corpus, eight hypotheses on the relationship between frequency and the formal marking of Czech comparison forms were formulated. The main part of the text consists of a detailed analysis and examination of the given hypotheses, and, additionally, a complete classification of comparative forms in order to explore some of the frequency effects. The paper reaches two major conclusions: 1) the reducing frequency effect plays a significant role among comparative forms, and 2) frequency contributes to an explanation of the formal relations in individual types (classes of comparative forms). In general, frequency is revealed to be a good analytical tool which may, under controlled conditions, indicate and explain why language structures are the way they are.
2
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Kategorizace v lingvistice : spiritus agens nového poznání?

100%
Křivan J.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2020
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vol. 103
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issue 1-2
11-23
EN
The paper deals with (meta)linguistic categorization and its role in linguistic/grammatical research. Following the presentation of the starting point on how to assess distinct categorizations, it is shown how the absence or presence of theoretical positions on categorization in languages (structuralism, generativism, usage-based approaches) affects linguistic descriptions, and examples of inconsistencies are also presented. Subsequently, it is suggested a new categorization perspective can be used to overcome existing categorizations. The paper also presents the position that the study of language concerns causal processes applied in multiple frames and concludes that doing distinct and compatible categorizations can truly serve as a spiritus agens of new findings in linguistics.
3
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Pusťme uživatele do slovníku! Aneb o neprobádané cestě v české lexikografii

63%
Mžourková H., Křivan J.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2019
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vol. 102
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issue 1-2
36-50
EN
This article discusses the role of the dictionary user in meta/lexicographical research. The user, usability and utility are key concepts of modern lexicography that aim to create dictionaries as an informative and user-friendly digital environment. However, Czech lexicography has been limited by the tradition of printed dictionaries so far and the user-related issues have not been thoroughly investigated. We propose some of more ways to “let dictionary users into the dictionary” and to make for them available more advanced and highly specialized methods of searching and language data sorting.
4
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Nahrávání v terénním lingvistickém výzkumu: jak získat kvalitní záznam řeči?

63%
Zíková M., Křivan J.
Studie z aplikované lingvistiky - Studies in Applied Linguistics
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2014
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vol. 5
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issue 1
65-82
EN
The article deals with recording techniques in linguistic field research. It aims at providing linguists with technical and practical knowledge on how to make a high quality speech recording in a non-laboratory setting. As the first step in field recording is to master the manipulation with the audio device, the paper starts with the presentation and the explanation of basic concepts related to digital audio signal processing. It goes on with the description of the basic technical equipment for speech recording as well as some of the supplementary components. This should help the readers handle the instruments in practice. A separate section is devoted to the classification and the description of external microphones which can be used as an effective extension of compact recording devices. Apart from technical aspects of field recording, practical issues such as the choice of an appropriate place and the organization of the recording session are also discussed. Attention is paid to the ways how to manage and store the recordings too, including proper treatment of the metadata. Finally, some suggestions on how to enhance the spontaneity of the respondents’ speech behaviour are offered. The article draws primarily on the authors’ own experience with field recording and it presupposes no previous knowledge of technical terms and audio processing techniques.
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