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EN
The aim of this paper is to analyze the phenomenon of modern apocrypha from the perspective of cultural studies. The term ‘apocrypha’ is usually associated with early Christian and Gnostic texts, but the tradition of unorthodox writings is also continued in modern Western culture. It is not easy to formulate a comprehensive definition of apocrypha by analyzing this phenomenon only from the perspective of literary, historical and religious studies. The phenomenon of apocrypha is so complex that it should be described based on a kind of methodological bricolage. This method should allow one to understand the role that apocrypha play in modern culture. Many scholars have noticed that it is not possible to point to clear and obvious criteria that would allow us to assign a given text to the category of apocryphal writings. Most typologies of texts which are epistemologically valuable and which help scholars to identify certain features of apocryphal writings do not take into consideration the cultural qualities of non-canonical, unorthodox narratives. From the perspective of cultural studies, modern apocrypha can be seen not only as literary or religious texts but also as an important element of cultural autocommunication. As an element of cultural metacognition, apocrypha can also be regarded as a medium of cultural memory and collective identity.
EN
The article deals with one of the most basic terms in philosophy: arché, the First Prinicple, the Origin of Everything, the source of being, truth, good and beauty. In modern Western philosophy the term is no longer obvious or necessary but it is still present in the so-called traditional, conservative or fundamentalist intellectual currents. One of the most famous contemporary representatives of such a “traditional current” is Leszek Kołakowski. The analysis of his work shows how the idea of good is related to the abovementioned term of arché. The so-called “Kołakowski Bet” is based on Dostoyevsky’s statement from “The Brothers Karamazov”: “If there is no God, everything is permitted”. Kołakowski claims that “if there is no God, it is not possible to properly use such terms as Truth or Good” because there is no general principle, no absolute understanding of the two categories. What is important, Kołakowski does not claim that God exists, he only says that God (who is here understood rather as a philosophical arché than as biblical personal God) can be the necessary condition of the validity of using the above- -mentioned terms: truth and good.
PL
This article deals with the modern cultural perception of the phenomenon of death. It attempts to describe the role that death plays in individual and social existencein the post-secular age. ‘Based on a critical reading of Saul Bellow’s novel Ravelstein the author analyzes the process of tabooization of death. Putting death under taboo is based on a new cultural paradigm which is connected with a new axiology where the highest values are the following: youth, vitality, strength, health and beauty. Death (which, obviously, is in contradiction to those values) appears as something ugly, cruel and shameful, and as something to be hidden from the public view. As death has been denaturalized and medicalized, it is no longer seen as something natural or as a kind of rite of passage. Without the religious context, death (understood as a kind of new taboo) becomes an individual and social trauma. Therefore, one looks for a “third path” and tries to place death between full acceptance and total rejection. Bellow’s character, Ravelstein, also looks for that “third path”.
EN
The paper is an analysis of The Childhood of Jesus by J.M. Coetzee as seen from the perspective of cultural studies. Treated as a document of culture, it depicts recent changes in Western civilization, particularly in such spheres as religion as and philosophy (specifically axiology and epistemology). The pseudoapocryphal character of Coetzee’s novel provokes one to giving consideration to the attitude western culture has towards its own roots and towards the role the source myths and religious symbols play in it, that is to the shape of the cultural identity of contemporary West. The picture which emerges from the analysis is a culture threatened with ‘amnesia’. It is, however, a erverse picture since it has been painted with the use of the symbol which is “present in absence”.
Avant
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2016
|
vol. 7
|
issue 1
PL
W historii tańca utwór Święto wiosny Igora Fiodorowicza Strawinskiego zajął szczególne miejsce jako skandaliczny i przełomowy. Jego najbardziej przejmującą częścią jest kończący libreto Wielki, święty taniec Wybranej/Ofiary, która tańczy na śmierć. Taniec Wybranej nie jest mową ciała wolnego, lecz koniecznością. Przeciwnie więc do koncepcji Fridricha Nietzschego taniec ofiary jest obdarzony „duchem ciężkości” jako wyrazem narzuconej woli.Motyw „świętego tańca” powraca we współczesnych interpretacjach za każdym razem obarczony innym znaczeniem. Wychodząc od dzieła pierwotnego i koncentrując się na postaci Wybranej oraz charakterze pradawnego rytuału, omówione zostaną dzieła PinyBausch, Katarzyny Kozyry oraz Klausa Obermaiera, by na ich podstawie wskazać w jaki sposób łączą się one lub odbiegają od pierwoworu. Istotne będzie również odniesienie do metafory tańca i pojęcia ekstazy, które wraz z utworami zmieniają znaczenia, przemieszczając się pomiędzy funkcją aktywnej mocy a siłą, powodującą zniewolenie.
EN
In the article I present different faces of the theme of the Holy Dance in the realizations of contemporary artists, indicating how they approach or deviate from the original. The fea- tures of dance and ecstasy will serve as a screen on which their subsequent transformations occurring in selected interpretations will be performed.
Avant
|
2016
|
vol. 7
|
issue 1
EN
In the article I present different faces of the theme of the Holy Dance in the realizations of contemporary artists, indicating how they approach or deviate from the original. The fea- tures of dance and ecstasy will serve as a screen on which their subsequent transformations occurring in selected interpretations will be performed.
PL
W historii tańca utwór Święto wiosny Igora Fiodorowicza Strawinskiego zajął szczególne miejsce jako skandaliczny i przełomowy. Jego najbardziej przejmującą częścią jest kończący libreto Wielki, święty taniec Wybranej/Ofiary, która tańczy na śmierć. Taniec Wybranej nie jest mową ciała wolnego, lecz koniecznością. Przeciwnie więc do koncepcji Fridricha Nietzschego taniec ofiary jest obdarzony „duchem ciężkości” jako wyrazem narzuconej woli.Motyw „świętego tańca” powraca we współczesnych interpretacjach za każdym razem obarczony innym znaczeniem. Wychodząc od dzieła pierwotnego i koncentrując się na postaci Wybranej oraz charakterze pradawnego rytuału, omówione zostaną dzieła PinyBausch, Katarzyny Kozyry oraz Klausa Obermaiera, by na ich podstawie wskazać w jaki sposób łączą się one lub odbiegają od pierwoworu. Istotne będzie również odniesienie do metafory tańca i pojęcia ekstazy, które wraz z utworami zmieniają znaczenia, przemieszczając się pomiędzy funkcją aktywnej mocy a siłą, powodującą zniewolenie.
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