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Stosunek konfederacji barskiej do protestantów

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Głowacki J. J.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica

2013

issue 90

47-73

The contemporaries of the Confederacy of Bar were convinced that only abolition of a legal provision passed in 1768 under Russian pressure in favour of non-Catholic Christians could allow for lasting peace in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. At the same time, the Polish political elites thought that legal parity between religions served only to strengthen Russian influence in the country. The Confederates themselves had never declared war on non-Catholics, and even made an attempt to encourage Orthodox to join them – in order to deprive Petersburg of any pretext for interfering in internal affairs of the Commonwealth. Similarly, they did not undertake any action against Protestants (known as “Dissidents”) whom they nonetheless suspected of collaborating with Russia. This was attributable partly to the fact that leaders of the uprising recognised the necessity of gaining European powers’ support, among whom were non-Catholic nations. Ultimately, following the anticipated defeat of Russia, they expected they would return to the pre-1768 modus vivendi concerning religions, and would punish at least the leaders of the Dissident Party in some way. The Confederacy forbade persecution of Protestants, as all citizens, but simultaneously demanded a greater contribution from them than from Catholics. What is more, the mutual mistrust provoked numerous clashes between Confederates and Dissidents (mainly the German-speaking bourgeoisie of Greater Poland and Royal Prussia), who sometimes enlisted the support of Russian troops. Despite the official stance of Confederate authorities, the rank and file displayed occasional dislike of Dissidents, and were inclined to punish them for “betrayal”. Their antipathy was also founded in religion, as most Confederates believed Catholicism to be the superior faith. It should, however, be noted that there were Protestants among the Confederates, and there is no suggestion that they were mistreated by their peers.

Manifestowanie religijności przez konfederatów barskich

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Głowacki J. J.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica

2010

issue 85

59-76

The issue of the Confederation of Bar, 1768-1772, has interested many historians who dealt with Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. It has been commonly considered that the religion played an outstanding role in the Confederation although the religions factor itself has not been a subject of research yet. The present article is the first attempt to describe the Confederates’ religiosity, although it concerns only the external side of the phenomenon. The author brings up such questions like: the symbols of the Confederation and it’s ceremonial. He establishes, the religiosity of the confederates was a continuation of Old Polish customs. The confederates emphasized their attachment to the tradition, especially during the first half of the first year of the confederacy, because they wanted to dissociate from their political adversaries, whom they defined as the enemies of the catholic faith. In some cases it is possible to affirm that religious banners were used by the confederation manipulatively.

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2 Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica

2 Głowacki J. J.

1 2013

1 2010

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Stosunek konfederacji barskiej do protestantów

Manifestowanie religijności przez konfederatów barskich