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EN
The article presents the problem of guides in the context of new media phenomena. New forms of guides are presented with the concepts of participatory culture, collective intelligence and crowdsourcing. Emphasis is placed on the problem of “co-creation” of the tourist experience, which replaces the “reproduction” in the traditional model of tourism narrative. Theoretical presentations are supplemented by an example of a new type of guide created within the wiki model. Presentation of the confl ict between Wikitravel and Wikivoyage serves to illustrate the complexity and ambiguity of new forms of cooperation.
EN
This article aims to present the changes in the image of the McDonald’s mascot – Ronald. These changes are mainly set in the context of social movements for healthy food and issues of advertisement ethics – especially advertisement addressed to children. In the face of intensifying voices of discontent, the corporation is trying to re-create Ronald as the Spokesman, who responds to the challenges posed by the consumer requests. Despite these efforts he remains controversial and ambiguous, which is reflected in the subversive practices of using the clown character as a tool of artistic and political provocation
PL
Recenzja: Z. Bauman, Razem, osobno, przeł. T. Kunz, Kraków2003, s. 140.
EN
The article presents the problem of a consumption space as a themed ludic space. Theming is shown as one of the main strategies in the design of modern cities. Themed ludic space is analysed from two perspectives: producer/designer, who specifies the rules of the game (commodified ludic space) and consumer/user, who submits himself or play against the imposed rules (subversive ludic practice). Such an approach allows to present the problem of a themed space as posing a field for negotiation between consumers and producers of the city. As a result of increased demand for themed entertainment, the process changes the specific of urban space, while restoring its traditional value of ludic practice.
EN
The aim of the article is to present the challenges posed to the visual documentation of city cultures by the new social phenomena of crowdsourcing and crowdfunding, which create new forms of participation in shaping urban culture and the urban community. In order to discuss the new phenomena some examples will be shown. A fake subway map, a crowdmap or an amateur science project data visualization show how visual tools can be used in the crowdsourcing and crowdfunding models of action as a collaborative project.
EN
Crowdfunding as a new form of financing culture is a relatively new phenomenon, but it is becoming more and more popular. The spectacular financial success of projects such as Veronica Mars, however, opens a discussion about the situation of the investing audience — the fans. The crowdfunding model is based on the active participation of fans not only at the level of funding, but also at the level of decision-making (this refers to the discussion of the cast, storyline, track list, etc.). As such, crowdfunding should lead to the dissolution of the boundaries between artists and their fans, but there are still certain doubts about who is the real beneficiary of big budget projects, and therefore it is unclear whether fans are becoming the objects of manipulation and exploitation.The paper aims to outline a framework for the discussion on the crowdfunding model and to show the ambiguity of the new situation of fans within this model.
PL
Autorka prezentuje nowy kontekst produkcji i promocji filmowej w obliczu pojawienia się zjawiska crowdfundingu. Stanowi ono odpowiedź na potrzeby odbiorców, którzy domagają się większego udziału w projektowaniu, finansowaniu i zarządzaniu dobrami kultury. Ich działania wpisują się w nowy paradygmat marketingu, który zakłada otwieranie się na konsumentów jako na współtworzących wartość, czemu sprzyja rozwój technologii medialnych, zwłaszcza mediów społecznościowych. W artykule są przedstawione najbardziej znane dotychczas przykłady kampanii crowdfundingowych dotyczących filmu. Jednocześnie, wraz z pokazaniem kontrowersji i wątpliwości dotyczących tych projektów, autorka nakreśla ramy dyskusji nad nowym zjawiskiem i jego dalszym rozwojem.
EN
The author presents a new context of film production and promotion in the light of the emergence of the phenomenon of crowdfunding. It offers an answer to the needs of the audience who demand greater involvement in the planning, financing, and managing cultural goods. Their activities form part of the new paradigm of marketing, which assumes consumers’ contribution into the final product, which process is aided by the development of media technologies, especially social media. In the article the author presents the best known examples of crowdfunding campaigns dealing with film. At the same time, while pointing to the controversies and doubts connected with these projects, the author provides an outline of a framework for discussing this new phenomenon and its further development.
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