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Polsko-duński traktat koncyliacyjno-arbitrażowy z 1926 roku

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Szymański J.
Zapiski Historyczne
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2009
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vol. 74
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issue 1
49-64
PL
The Polish-Danish treaty on conciliatory and arbitration conduct from 1926 constitutes an important part of the relations between Poland and the Kingdom of Denmark, which were built from scratch and were begun by the formal recognition de iure of the state of Poland by the Danish government on 30 May 1919. After the period of fight for the territorial shape of Poland and the final recognition of the eastern border by the Council of Ambassadors of western superpowers on 15 March 1923, Poland signed with Denmark the agreement concerning the military service of Polish citizens staying in Denmark (14 July 1923), and next the trade and navigation treaty (22 March 1924). The latter was a document of the highest diplomatic importance – a treaty regulating the Polish-Danish relations in the area of industry, trade, sea sailing, finance, based on the most-favoured nation clause. The 1926 conciliatory and arbitration treaty was another treaty of such high importance. It constituted a pillar of the system of relations between Poland and Denmark in the interwar period. The treaty on conciliatory and mediatory conduct was a considerable achievement of both countries in the political and diplomatic sphere. Its practical significance went beyond bilateral relations, which is emphasized in the article. The article consists of two parts. The first part shows the shaping of the Polish-Danish relations in the period before the official recognition of Poland, when the Warsaw government asked Copenhagen to protect Polish affairs in Russia and Germany, which took place at the end of 1918. It was not until territorial issues were finally settled and financial reforms were implemented by the Prime Minister Władysław Grabski that more friendly conditions to develop Polish-Danish relations occurred. The treaty with Denmark was finally concluded while the new political system in Europe, known as the Locarno system, was taking its shape, with the equal position of Germany expressed by its joining the League of Nations and granting it the permanent seat in the Council of the League of Nations. The conciliatory and arbitration Polish-Danish treaty stressed the will of both countries to develop friendly relations. Thus, diplomatic talks were to be the main means to solve possible conflicts. Should diplomatic talks be ineffective, legal norms accepted in the treaty were applied. This stage entailed the obligatory conciliatory conduct, and later involved arbitration. The article presents detailed procedures of conduct at every stage of examining a possible conflict. The process of conciliation took the following steps: diplomacy-conciliatory conduct-arbitration. The treaty was concluded for three years with the right to prolong it for subsequent three-year periods. In the name of the Danish government the treaty was signed by the Foreign Minister Carl Moltke. With the authorization of the Polish government – the extraordinary envoy and plenipotentiary Minister in Denmark Konstanty Jordan Rozwadowski and the head of the Treaty Department of the Foreign Ministry Julian Makowski put their signatures on it. After the ratification period, the treaty took effect from 4 May 1927.
2
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Etablering av diplomatiske forbindelser mellom Polen og Norge i årene 1919-1923

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Szymański J.
Folia Scandinavica Posnaniensia
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2006
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vol. 9
295-311
EN
The paper portrays the process of establishment and, later, development of diplomatic relations between the reborn state of Poland and Norway. The issue of their regulation was discussed by the representatives of both countries at numerous meetings during the peace treaty conference of Paris. As a result of those negotiations, in 1919 Poland opened its mission in Christiania with Czeslaw Pruszyński, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, at the helm. The mission of The Kingdom of Norway, established in 1920 in Warsaw, was headed by minister Samuel Eyde. Together with the resumption of diplomatic activity, both governments started work on extension of the network of consular services, which is also presented in the paper.
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Wybrane aspekty kwestii rozbrojenia w stosunkach polsko-skandynawskich w okresie międzywojennym

100%
Szymański J.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica
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1991
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issue 42
79-90
FR
La question du désarmement constituait un petit fragment de relations de la Pologne et de la Scandinavie. Pendant les vingt années de la période d’entre-deux-guerres, á part les traités de conciliation, les initiatives communes n’ont pas été prises. Les intérêts nationaux décidaient que la Pologne et la Scandinavie ne trouvaient pas de points communs en ce qui concernait l'idée du désarmement général. Ce qui en décidait surtout c'était l'ensemble de facteurs résultant de la différente situation géographique, politique et économique. On peut citer ici comme ex emple l'affaire des îles Aland, la neutralisation de la Mer Baltique et le rapport envers le Protocol de Genève.
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