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1
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Cybersecurity in Hungary and Poland. Military aspects

100%
Bencsik A., Karpiuk M.
Cybersecurity and Law
|
2023
|
vol. 9
|
issue 1
82-94
EN
Nowadays, ensuring cybersecurity is an important objective of public authority. It must take into account the protection of cybersecurity, both in the current and future perspectives. The state security policy must also take into account its dimension in cyberspace, especially today, where many services are provided through communication and information systems. A special place in the cybersecurity system is given to cyberspace security in the military dimension. In this regard, both the military administration and civil law entities, both acting for defence, will be competent. Effective military operations are directly linked to new digital technologies. As a result, for the sake of state security (both internal and external), it becomes necessary not only to respond to cyberattacks, but also to counteract them.
2
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The legal status of the cyberarmy in Hungary and Poland. An overview

100%
Bencsik A., Karpiuk M.
Cybersecurity and Law
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2023
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vol. 10
|
issue 2
19-31
EN
Cybersecurity tasks concern not only civilians but also the military. Similar to other spheres, cyberspace, as an operational domain, is exposed to threats. This includes destructive threats, ones that destabilise the state or its institutions. Given the need to ensure cybersecurity in the military dimension, individual states establish cyber armies to safeguard the stability of cyberspace, which is exposed to constant attacks. Cyberspace defence in a digital state, where ICT systems are also used to complete military tasks, must be considered a priority not only in national but also in international defence policies.
3
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Information Society Services and Their Cybersecurity

81%
Bencsik A., Karpiuk M., Strizzolo N.
Cybersecurity and Law
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2024
|
vol. 11
|
issue 1
258-270
EN
An information society is a society that makes widespread use of teleinformation systems to meet the needs of its members. Information society services are rendered in cyberspace, which is a vulnerable domain. The development of information technologies to provide digital services should be coupled with adequate protection. Considering the above, providing information society services must be accompanied by cybersecurity. A suitable level of cybersecurity of the teleinformation systems used to provide services should ensure their proper operation and reduce vulnerabilities.
4
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Cybersecurity of E-government

81%
Bencsik A., Karpiuk M., Strizzolo N.
Cybersecurity and Law
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2024
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vol. 12
|
issue 2
146-160
EN
Modern administration often uses ICT systems to deliver public services, which must be adequately secured. Public administration bodies must, therefore, also include cybersecurity in their policies. E-services should be the standard. Unfortunately, this standard does not always apply in administration. New technologies in a digital state and information society must be widely used, including by public bodies, so that the quality and accessibility of the services provided meet social needs. The public administration is responsible for continuously developing computerisation, making it possible to function normally in cyberspace where citizens have long been present.
5
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Comparative Research on the Metropolitan Administration and Service in Porto

42%
Hoffman I., Fazekas J., Bencsik A., Bodó B. I., Budai K., Dancs T., Dombrovszky B., Ferge P., Kári G., Lukács D., Kárász M., Gönczi L., Vasas Z. R., Cseh K. B., Papp D., Molnár C.
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia
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2020
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vol. 29
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issue 4
EN
The Porto Metropolitan Area (Área Metropolitana do Porto, AMP) is a framework of cooperation between 17 municipalities and several districts. This metropolitan area has a specific, inter-municipal model of urban governance. In our research, we found that cooperation is significant mainly in sectors where the central legislature has essentially made this mandatory, by designing the AMP and defining its powers. In addition to AMP, only partial cooperation has been established in the field of waste management, and in the field of human public services and in the performance of public authority, there is essentially a set of autonomous organisational solutions. However, despite all this fragmentation, the above system ensures the satisfactory functioning of the metropolitan agglomeration. This also underlines the importance of transport management in urban areas, since this functioning system is based on an integrated and intermodal transport system
PL
Obszar metropolitalny Porto (Área Metropolitana do Porto, AMP) składa się z 17 gmin i kilku okręgów. Przyjęto tu specyficzny, międzygminny model zarządzania. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, że współpraca jest znacząca głównie w sektorach, którym centralny prawodawca zasadniczo nadał taki obowiązek, projektując AMP i określając jego uprawnienia. Oprócz AMP nawiązano jedynie częściową współpracę w zakresie gospodarki odpadami, a w zakresie usług publicznych i wykonywania władzy publicznej istnieje w zasadzie zestaw autonomicznych rozwiązań organizacyjnych. Pomimo całego tego rozdrobnienia system ten zapewnia odpowiednie funkcjonowanie aglomeracji metropolitalnej. Istotne jest również zarządzanie transportem na obszarach miejskich, ponieważ jest ono oparte na zintegrowanym i intermodalnym systemie transportowym.
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