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EN
The article presents a portrait of Marian Borkowski (b. 1934), a composer, pianist, musicologist and composition pedagogue. The state of research on his work and education has been presented in six chapters, beginning with the years of his study in the family town, Pabianice, until his return from complementary studies in Paris. The article depicts various pedagogical activities of Marian Borkowski, with a particular emphasis on the teaching of composition. The presented reflection concentrates on Borkowski’s work as a composer and it points out particular periods of his activity, the features of style and the compositional technique.
PL
Artykuł opisuje sylwetkę Mariana Borkowskiego (ur. 1934) – kompozytora, pianisty, muzykologa i pedagoga kompozycji. W sześciu rozdziałach przedstawiono stan badań nad jego twórczością, wykształcenie, począwszy od nauki w rodzinnych Pabianicach, aż do powrotu ze studiów uzupełniających w Paryżu. Omówiono różne formy działalności pedagogicznej Borkowskiego, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem pedagogiki kompozycji. Podstawę rozważań tworzy refleksja o twórczości kompozytorskiej ze wskazaniem na periodyzację tej twórczości, cechy stylu i technikę kompozytorską.
EN
This article discusses the works for solo piano and for piano and orchestra, in which reli- gious inspiration associated with Christianity was found. The fact that such “sacral” inspiration was pre-sent in piano music may be confirmed by many works of Ferenc Liszt and Olivier Messiaen, to name but a few evident examples. One can also add selected works of Frederic Chopin, not only Scherzo in B minor, op. 20, which includes a citation of the Polish carol “Lulajże, Jezu- niu (“Lullaby, Little Baby Jesus”), but also a number of motifs from other Polish church hymns found in Chopin’s music by Jan Węcowski. There are several categories of works with references to the sacred in the Polish piano music of the 20th and 21st century: works with religious inspiration suggested in their very title or in the musical material, and works with a widely understood religious context, but without any direct references to the sacred. Religious themes can be found in the works for piano and orchestra, for instance by Wojciech Kilar, Paweł Łukaszewski, Bogusław Madey, and Józef Świder. These themes appear in solo works for piano, e.g. by Mirosław Bukowski, Irena Garztecka, Leszek Mateusz Gorecki, Tomasz Kamieniak, Juliusz Łuciuk, Władysława Markiewi- czówna, Witold Rudziński, Marian Sawa, Sebastian Szymanski or Aleksander Tansman. The piano music with religious inspiration written in the 20th and 21st centuries has not yet been the subject of a comprehensive research. However, some authors did point to such motifs, for example Stanisław Będkowski, Bogumiła Mika, Violetta Przech, and Janina Tatarska. Still, they only men- tioned them while writing about other, non-religious issues related to Polish piano music.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy polskiej muzyki fortepianowej w latach 2000-2017. W XXI wieku nastąpił wzrost zainteresowania twórców fortepianem. Wśród kilkuset napisanych utworów można wyróżnić gatunki i formy tradycyjne (jak mazurek, toccata, sonata, wariacje, preludium, etiuda, nokturn), jak i o innej formie i tytule. Utwory te można ułożyć w cztery grupy: nurt postmodernistyczny, nurt modernistyczny, nurt neomodernistyczny, nurt antymodernistyczny oraz ujęcia hybrydowe, czyli takie, w których kompozytorzy stosują dwudziestowieczne i dawniejsze (romantyczne) środki techniki kompozytorskiej. Do analiz wybrano utwory przedstawicieli nurtów: postmodernizm: Krzysztof Baculewski i Andrzej Dziadek, neomodernizm: Paweł Kwapiński, antymodernizm: Paweł Michał Chmielnicki, Tomasz Kamieniak, ujęcia hybrydowe: Maciej Zieliński i Piotr Gryska. Tematyka nie doczekała się dotychczas naukowego opracowania.
EN
The article deals with Polish piano music composed in the years 2000-2017. In the 21st century, there was an increasing interest of musicians in the piano. Among the hundreds of works written at that time, we can distinguish genres and traditional forms (such as mazurka, toccata, sonata, variations, preludes, etude, nocturnes), as well as other forms and titles. These compositions can be divided into four groups: postmodern current, modernist current, neomodernist current, antimodern current, and hybrid approaches, in which composers use both the twentieth century and former (romantic) compositional techniques. Postmodernism: Krzysztof Baculewski and Andrzej Dziadek, neomodernist current: Paweł Kwapiński, antimodern current: Paweł Michał Chmielnicki, Tomasz Kamieniak, hybrid approaches: Maciej Zieliński and Piotr Gryska. The subject has not yet been elaborated scientifically.
EN
The article discusses the religious creativity of Wojciech Łukaszewski. He composed three works for a large ensembles and five religious songs for solo voice and solo voice with piano or organ. These works have religious connotations. Confessioni were inspired by the Confessions of Saint Augustine. In De morte Boleslaui Carmina, the composer repeatedly quotes the Polish song Bogurodzica. In works on religious subjects, he used the texts of Roman Brandstaetter, Gallus Anonymus and Roger Degrelle and three Polish carols. The article is the first attempt to explore this topic. An important material helpful in the analysis of the composer’s compositions and spirituality were his letters to Maria Patrzyk – his bride.
PL
W artykule omówiono utwory o tematyce religijnej Wojciecha Łukaszewskiego. Skomponował on trzy dzieła przeznaczone na dużą obsadę wykonawczą oraz pięć pieśni religijnych na głos solo i głos z fortepianem lub organami. Utwory te zawierają wyraźne konotacje religijne. Confessioni były inspirowane lekturą Wyznań św. Augustyna, w De morte Boleslaui Carmina kompozytor przywołuje motywy pieśni Bogurodzica. W utworach o tematyce religijnej wykorzystał teksty Romana Brandstaettera, Galla Anonima, ks. Rogera Degrelle’a oraz trzy polskie kolędy. Artykuł jest pierwszą próbą spenetrowania tego tematu. Ważnym materiałem pomocnym w analizie utworów i duchowości kompozytora były jego listy do narzeczonej, Marii Patrzyk.
EN
The paper describes the phenomenon of multiculturalism at the International Festival of Sacred Music Gaude Mater in Częstochowa. The festival has been running since 1991. It includes a variety of artistic events, most of them sacred music concerts (Gregorian chant, early music, Orthodox, Polish music from all historical periods, and premieres). The festival also promotes the musical culture of Jasna Góra. The special feature of the festival is its multiculturalism involving the presentation of non-Christian sacred music. In the years 1991-2010, the festival featured Jewish, Muslim, Egyptian, and African music. The dialogue between cultures also facilitates connections between high and mass culture. This is accomplished through various combinations of gospel, jazz, pop elements with classical music. In addition, the attempts of dialogue between different cultures furnish a number of non-musical events, such as theatre performance, arts exhibitions, and conferences.
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