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A View on the Relations between the Jewish and Bulgarian Urban Folk Songs

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Kaufman N.

Slavia Meridionalis

2007

vol. 7

99-106

Before the emigration to Israel in 1947-1948, in larger Bulgarian towns there lived over 50,000 Jews, predominately Sephardic. They sang their ancients urban folk songs, whose melodies were often sung by the Bulgarians. Some towns were also populated by Ashkenazi. In the 30s of the 20th C. the Jewish comedians brought over form Romania the tunes in the Jewish-Romanian style, which became smash hit in Bulgaria. In the period between 1944 and 1992 about 1000 Jews who stayed in Bulgaria almost forgot their Jewish songs. After 1992, following the celebrations of 500 years of the Jewish expulsion from Spain, the Bulgarian composers of Jewish origin started creating chorals, most often adaptation of Sephardic or Ashkenazi folk songs. The author of the present article is one of them.

On Bulgarian National Anthems

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Kaufman N.

Slavia Meridionalis

2005

vol. 5

253-264

The article presents the history of two Bulgarian national anthems - 'Shumi Maritsa' and 'Mila rodino' which, before acquiring their present role, since the national revival had been a part of Bulgarian urban folklore. Studying the provenance of the melody 'Mila rodino' the author brings into focus a connection between the C. Radoslavov's composition and a very popular in the northern Bulgaria instrumental piece - 'svishchovsko khoro' as well as a related to it and performed all over Bulgaria urban drinking song 'Imate li vino'; a melody also known to the drinking folklore of the Bulgarians from Besarabia. This forms the basis for his claim that the melody was known in the early 19th century before the exodus of Bulgarian people to that territory and might have served to C. Radoslavov as a model. Whereas the song 'Shumi Maritsa' emerged in the insurrectionary circles and after the Bulgarian-Serbian war of 1885 became the national anthem, which functioned with the text written by I. Vazov right up until 1947 when it was replaced by the song 'Mila rodino'. The character of the melody 'Shumi Maritsa', completely different from a folk Bulgarian song, indicates its urban provenance, however its origin remains unkown. The melody is recognised in the Belorussian and Ukrainian folklore as a wedding march, however musicologists discern some relation to songs from Germany (A. Stojanov) or Silesia, or the Polish national anthem (L. Kuba). Tracking the migration of musical motifs popular in the 19th century Europe will surely help to solve the mystery of both Bulgarian anthems.

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2 Slavia Meridionalis

2 Kaufman N.

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1 2005

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A View on the Relations between the Jewish and Bulgarian Urban Folk Songs

On Bulgarian National Anthems