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In this paper I examine the relation between the (auto)biography and the reality of dreams in Alexandra Berková’s Temná láska (Dark Love, 2000). The oneiric reality not only offers the subject the freedom from the rules functioning in real life, but it also contains the possibility of modifying one’s life. Through aclose examination of oneiric elements and the protagonist’s life, I prove that the combination of fantastic visions of traumatic events in the protagonist’s marriage and the dialogue with a psychoanalyst functions as a means of deepening the knowledge of oneself and regenerating the female subject. Using Freud’s concept of the irrational source of dreams and his thesis about the crucial meaning of dreams in understanding oneself, I focus on the multiple selves, or roles that the female subject performs in real life, her attempts to gain freedom, and finally her perception of the notion of freedom. The article also considers the similarity between the dream and the autobiography; namely that they both convey some intricate symbolic message about the subject that can only be fully understood by the one who dreams, or the one who writes his/her autobiography.
EN
This paper considers the problem of the woman’s development in Fráňa Šrámek’s Tělo with reference to the Bildungsroman tradition and to the evolution of this German genre. I attempt to show that the maturation process of Tělo’s protagonist Máňa Švarcová, in contrast to the man’s maturation associated with the intellect, is limited to the sphere of the body. Although corporeality usually has negative connotations, in this novel it becomes the main — and the only accessible — site of the heroine’s power. Using Esther Kleinbord Labovitz and Susan Fraiman’s argument that the plot of “the female Bildungsroman” is distorted, I seek the reasons for this predicament and the indicators of female identity construction. Moreover, I focus on the issue of gender and the social roles that not only impose specific obligations on women but also shape the path of their development. Máňa Švarcová’s development, I suggest, begins upon her marriage and takes place within the boundaries defined by this institution. Because she follows a path of development approved by her society, she puts her own identity in the shadow and creates a “pseudo-identity” (Erich Fromm’s term) that functions as a mask for the society. The real identity stays undeveloped due to impossibility of reconciling the society’s expectations and individual — in this case female — freedom, which is dominated by the male element in the novel. Thus the heroine is arrested in a state of “unreadiness,” a term proposed by Ewa Paczoska for defining many modern protagonists. Consequently, her maturation process is inevitably lost in the patriarchal world.
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