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The Framing of Abortion in the Czech Republic: How the Continuity of Discourse Prevents Institutional Change

100%
Dudová R.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2010
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vol. 46
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issue 6
945–975
EN
Abortion was first legalised in Czechoslovakia at a relatively early date – in 1957. However, unlike in Western Europe, this did not occur as a result of pressure from civil society and the feminist movement. While attempting to explain the continuity and change of abortion institutions in the former Czechoslovakia /Czech Republic, the article focuses on the framing of the debates that preceded the changes in abortion legislation in the Czech Republic since the 1950s. Discourse analysis of media and expert articles, parliamentary debates, and other documents shows that abortion in the Czech Republic was framed as a medical issue since the 1950s, not an issue of women’s rights or bodily citizenship. Gynaecologists were the most important actors in the abortion debates. The effect of this medicalised discourse of abortion was the construction of a specific knowledge on abortion. In spite of existing alternative discourses, this original discourse now hinders the possibility of reframing abortion in terms of women’s reproductive rights and this is reflected in the status quo of the abortion legislation. The continuity of dominant discourse therefore reflects and reinforces the path-dependency of the institutions.
2
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Caring for Elderly Parents: A New Commitment of the Third Age

100%
Dudová R.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2015
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vol. 51
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issue 6
903-929
EN
The article explores the practices of elderly care in the Czech Republic from the life-course perspective, using qualitative research methodology: biographical interviews with women providing everyday care to their parents. The case of elderly care presents an opportunity to critically examine the concepts of the ‘third age’ and ‘young old’, that have figured prominently in theoretical and political debates concerning the life stage in which the need to care for one´s parents seems most likely to arise. In the ‘collective story’ based on the narratives of women aged 50-66 who provided everyday care for their elderly mother, I identify and describe the factors that influence how this stage in life unfolds and the decisions women make about their life/life course. I argue that in contemporary Czech society ‘young old age’ cannot be defined in terms of the absence of work commitments or the absence family care commitments, and that the original concepts dealing with this new period in life did not take the new commitments of care or the gendered aspect of them into consideration.
3
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Genderové souvislosti reforem důchodového systému v ČR

100%
Dudová R.
Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)
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2013
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vol. 14
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issue 2
56-66
EN
The paper discusses changes that have occurred in the Czech pension system since 1996 in terms of their gender impact. The pension system is considered in a broader socio-economic context. I take into account different working careers of men and women and their unequal share in unpaid care work. I analyse individual steps of the reform (the criteria for entitlement to a retirement pension, changes in the mechanism for calculating pension benefits, and the newly established private second pillar) and show the impact of these changes on women and men in retirement. I conclude that although the reform is presented as gender-neutral just because it maintains the same conditions for both sexes, it ultimately brings significant deterioration in women’s retirement situation as compared to men’s. An increase in the level of equivalence—and therefore the increasing dependence of the pension entitlement on previous income from paid work—means that, in the logic of the pension system, unpaid work associated particularly with childcare is valued less and less and gender inequalities in the labour market are reproduced.
4
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"Je to o tom, koho potkáš" : jednodětnost ve světle spojených životních drah

100%
Dudová R.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2020
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vol. 56
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issue 2
165-195
EN
Single-child families are a phenomenon that, alongside childlessness, is contributing to the trend of declining fertility, especially in the countries of central and eastern Europe, including the Czech Republic. This article presents the results of a qualitative study based on problem-centred interviews with parents of a single child who had originally planned to have more children aimed at exploring their understanding of the main factors that led to them having one child, when two-child families are still the preferred normative model in Czech society. The analysis presents the main lines of argumentation that the respondents used to try to explain and justify their reproductive choices. In their narratives, a single-child family is constructed as the consequence of certain events and transitions in different areas of life and the timing of these events in the linked life paths of the two partners. In a situation where intensive parenting is the normative ideal and where it is also difficult to combine work and a family, and in view of the normative hierarchy of different paths to parenthood that exists (where the preferred path is to have a biological child in a two-parent family), being the parent of single child is becoming an accepted form of parenthood.
5
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Prekérní práce pečujících žen v kontextu ekonomické krize

63%
Dudová R., Hašková H.
Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)
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2014
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vol. 15
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issue 2
19-32
EN
In this article the authors examine the forms and experiences of insecure and precarious work by Czech women caring for a child or a dependent family member. The results of a quantitative survey indicate that the share of caring women performing precarious work increased during the economic crisis. A secondary analysis of interviews conducted in 2006–2013 with women caring for a child or another family member offered insight into the forms precarious work can take and the ways women feel about this kind of work and why. It also demonstrated in what way, based on the capability approach, their explanations provide a better understanding of the nature and extent of precarious work among women with care responsibilities. We found that the ways caring women view ad-hoc work fit along a continuum, ranging from an optimal temporary strategy, to a temporary solution in the absence of other options, and finally to feelings of being caught in a precarious work trap. This continuum can be extrapolated into a kind of ‘collective story’: a woman first ‘chooses’ ad-hoc work as a temporary strategy to get a job; if her life conditions are difficult she must continue to perform such work against her preferences; after a long period of economic inactivity or of performing just temporary work, the woman is ultimately unable to find any secure form of employment, even if she is no longer restricted by care responsibilities – she ends up trapped in precarious work.
6
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Diskursy, instituce a praxe péče o děti do tří let ve francouzsko-české komparativní perspektivě

63%
Dudová R., Hašková H.
Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)
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2010
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vol. 11
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issue 2
36-47
EN
The article offers a comparison of the development of institutions of care for children under three in France and in the Czech Republic. It explains the differences in the forms of institutions, policies and the level of state support with the use of comparative analysis of discourses of childcare, existing since the end of the Second World War in the two countries under study. Especially expert discourses were found to have important role in the development of the institutions and policies: psychological discursive framings had strong influence on the public discourse, on political decisions as well as on the resulting form of institutions. While in France, mainly empirically-oriented psychologists and pedagogues entered the debate, in the Czechoslovakia /Czech Republic the discursive arena was dominated by clinical psychologists and paediatricians. Also other influential factors were identified, such as economic situation, political actors, social movements; and sequencing of events; but the expert discourse was proved to be crucial for the understanding of the divergent development of childcare institutions in the two countries.
7
Content available remote

Proč ženy pečují? Gender a neformální péče o seniory

63%
Dudová R., Volejníčková R.
Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)
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2014
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vol. 15
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issue 1
41-54
EN
Based on qualitative research of women that cared in the past or care now for their frail elderly mothers, this article aims to describe and explain some of the factors leading to the predominance of women in informal care for the elderly. The article builds on Sandra Harding’s and Joan W. Scott’s concept of gender. Their concept defines gender as a category operating at multiple interconnected levels. Based on the analysis of interviews with biographical components, we show the impact of cultural and structural factors on women’s decisions to take care, and how these factors are gender structured. Among cultural factors we focus on the process of socialization; we analyse the effect of gender norms of care and the issue of cultural taboos in intimate care. Among structural factors we focus on paid work, the gender division of labour in the family and non/availability of formal care services. On the basis of caregivers’ stories we show how these factors coherently and simultaneously strengthen the connection between women and providing hands-on care. We also identify emerging disruptions in this gender-conservative model of informal care.
8
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Kvantitativní a kvalitativní přístupy ve výzkumu životních drah

63%
Hašková H., Dudová R.
Data a výzkum - SDA Info (Data and Research - SDA Info)
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2014
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vol. 8
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issue 1
5-24
EN
Despite the growing number of statistical analyses of life-history data and a long tradition of biographical research, there is often no communication between these two streams of life-course research. It is possible to examine the life course quantitatively through life histories, which may be used to model synthetic biographies in order to reveal patterns in the timing and sequencing of life events, the durations of states between them, and the causal links between them. It is also possible to examine the life course qualitatively through life stories, e.g. biographical narratives, which reflect how persons understand, experience and attach meaning to events and states in their life. Through a quantitative analysis of life-history data we can describe and explain the morphology of particular events in the observed population, while a qualitative analysis of biographical narratives provides insight into people’s decision-making, perceptions of their options, and how they attach meanings to and experience events. This article summarizes the strengths and weaknesses of both approaches, explains in which sense they are connected or differentiated from each other, what data and analyses each perspective may utilize, and briefly introduces one type of mixed methods life course research that utilizes the complementarity of both approaches.
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