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SÍDLISKOVÉ OBJEKTY KULTÚRY MAKÓ-KOSIHY-ČAKA V IŽI

100%
Beljak Pažinová N., Beljak J.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2014
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vol. 62
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issue 1
83 – 123
EN
The Makó-Kosihy-Čaka Culture occupied a large territory of the Carpathian Basin at the turn of the Eneolithic and the Bronze Age. For several decades through rescue excavations in Slovakia, its source base has significantly grown. It is now more than 70 registered sites. Rescue excavation in Iža was carried out by the Institute of Archaeology of SAS in Nitra in the summer 2008. On this polycultural site ten features of the Makó-Kosihy-Čaka Culture were found and further potsherds of this culture were scattered in four other medieval features. The largest number of diverse material, over 85 % of total number came from the filling of the pit 31. Pottery and osteological remains of domestic animals were numerous, but small clay and stone artefacts were represented only at a minimum. The paper deals with the ceramic and decoration of the pottery artefacts. The pottery fragments were represented by ten types of vessels and their variants. Pots and pot shapes dominated in the local pottery production. The relatively numerous were also bowls, less jugs and cups. The shape assemblage was supplemented with amphorae, decorative pottery, glasses, plates and bottles. The main focus on the pottery deserves decorative ornamented pottery, which is represented by footed bowls and also in the Kosihy-Makó-Čaka Culture environment a unique vessel with rounded body, decorated with carved ornaments and girth lines made by technique called (Late Eneolithic) Furchenstich (stab-and-drag), in combination with a plastic crescent application on the shoulders. Based on the analysis of the material in this paper conclusions on the relative chronology and genesis of the studied culture are formulated in Slovakia, whereby we do not exclude the influence of the Kostolac decoration on the domestic population in Iža.
2
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VÝVOJ OSÍDLENIA NA STREDNOM POHRONÍ OD DOBY LATÉNSKEJ DO VČASNÉHO STREDOVEKU

100%
Beljak J., Kučeráková K.
Študijné zvesti
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2015
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issue 57
7 - 56
EN
The study focused on the settlement of the middle Hron River Basin deals with the archaeological finds from the La Tene Period up to the early middle Ages. Already, this area was closely related to significant trade routes in the early historical periods, and moreover, it provided sources of raw material. While so far the pre-Púchov horizon has not been clearly confirmed in the valleys and basins, bearers of the Púchov Culture made use not only of the more difficult to access hill-top sites, but settled along the banks of the brooks in the Pliešovská, Zvolenská and Žiarska basins. The Púchov Culture settlements founded in La Tene Period on river terraces were being continually settled also in the early Roman Period. However, many hill-top sites, especially the ones settled already in the middle La Tene Period, were not already used by the Cotini in the early Roman Period. With the arrival of the Germanic peoples (the Quadi) in the last decades of the 2nd cent. AD the places of residence, compared to the early Roman Period and, partially, the La Tene Period as well, do not undergo a significant change. In the later Roman Period the Púchov Culture´s hill-top sites are not settled by the Quadi. In the late Roman Period the Quadi settle in unfavourable zones as well, and they also expand to hill-top sites on the tops of hills and to caves situated in the difficult to access terrains. There was a gradual continuation of the settlement into several locations on river terraces in this period. The situation changes during the Migration Period (stages D2 – D3). There are almost no relevant documents from this time regarding the settlement in lowland sites. The first Slavonic settlements come from the turn of the 6th and 7th cent. Unlike the Celts and Germanic peoples, the Slavs did not occupy elevated places in mountainous regions in the first settlement wave. As early as in the 8th century several Slavonic settlements were situated above river terraces, and in the 9th century their number even increased.
3
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STREDOVEKÁ CESTNÁ SIEŤ V OKOLÍ ZVOLENSKÉHO PUSTÉHO HRADU. ANALÝZA NA ZÁKLADE ANTROPOGÉNNYCH RELIÉFNYCH FORIEM

81%
Pažinová N., Beljak J., Slámová M., Beláček B.
Študijné zvesti
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2013
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issue 54
153 - 170
EN
Studied area around the Pustý hrad with forests and two antecedent valleys belongs to the most valuable sites in the Zvolen cadastral area. The castle had important role to keep watch on the entrance routes to the rich mining towns during the medieval ages. Antecedent valleys with steep slopes and rocky cliffs create natural conditions of defence. The castle was particularly vulnerable from the forests to the South, where historic access roads are situated. The main aim of the research is identification of the medieval settlements and historic roads dependence to the selected natural factors and conditions. Relations of the historic settlements to the natural environment are observed in the wider region and historic roads are studied in the closer area, in the forests around the Pustý hrad. They are identified by global position and navigation system in the field. We present location and routing of the roads in relation to the relief attributes (slope, meso-forms configuration) and to the geological substrate, where we indicate resistance to weathering of the rocks, in the small spatial segment. We define in the results the complex of important natural factors as: geological substrate, groundwater and springs, specific attributes of relief which limited location of the settlements and related access roads during the medieval ages.
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Ungewöhnlicher Befund aus Zvolen–Čierne zeme (Slowakei)

81%
Beljak J., Pažinová N., Krąpiec M.
Recherches Archéologiques Nouvelle Serie
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2010
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vol. 2
239-255
EN
Paper presented the results of excavations conducted on the site Čierne zeme at Zvolen (Slovakia). Within the trench a segment of Hron river paleochannel was uncovered. It was partially filled with cultural sediments, which were naturally accumulated as a result of undercutting the banks of Hron during the periods of water surge. The trunks discovered within the sediments were radiocarbon dated to the time span between 2470 and 2280 BC. Besides them cultural layer yielded also some stone artifacts and collection of pottery fragments. The second one represent mainly the cultural traditions (e.g. Makó-Kosihy-Čaka culture) from the turn of Eneolithic and Bronze Age periods, what corresponds well with the radiocarbon dating of wood. Described site is another settlement point dated to this period in the Zvolen Basin. Younger group of pottery originates from Modern Era (16th-17th century AD) and may be connected with existence of communication route running along Hron river.
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