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EN
In the “Promised land” by W. S. Reymont there is clash of two worlds: modernity, which grows on the ruins of past and tradition which bases on the respect towards ancestors’ culture. That is why in the reception of this epic story there is dichotomy of disclosed divisions: city and village, chaos and harmony, culture and nature. Discussion on the noble-landowning axiology, which falls apart under the impact of civilization phenomena i.e. machines and the modern one, which is defined by the chaos of the world that is non-crystallized and does not base on any ethical postulates, is revealed in the metatextual interpretation of the novel. In fact there is clash of values and antivalues, which are valid in the unconditional world of matter, which eliminates any signs of spirituality. Therefore the compared portraits of Łódź and Kurów are characterized by strong contrasts. Man’s decline (prostitution, crimes, exploitation) is contrasted with stately existence on the manor, which bases on the God’s authority and very close relationship of man with nature.
EN
Ostatnie rozdanie by W. Myśliwski is a novel that bears a multi-level definition of maturity. The narrator - as in author's many former novels - is not a young person and notices the first symptoms of ageing in himself. It is much more revealed by permanent experiencing of chaos, void of life and death by the man. Therefore making orders in the address book - undertaken from time to time - and constituting an attempt of controlling the chaos ofreality, becomes an act of discovering oneself, an attempt to face the ghosts of remembrance, to enter the furthest recesses of consciousness in order to draw a picture of a rootless man, who in fact is homeless.
EN
M. Wollstonecraft Shelley's novel grew out of the experience of modernity. Technological progress and science put up a man on the threshold of the nineteenth century in a new cultural situation. This experience of reality as continuous change in man caused various fears to grow, which in turn required from him to develop new values, to determine what is good and what is bad. In such a situation is the title character of the novel Frankenstein, which deals with the scientist, who creates a new life without the participation of woman. So in terms of subject matter, character construction, who turns out to be an anticreator, the novel became an aesthetic shock to the audience, when it was supposed to be a novel about human dreams and fears.
EN
Eliza Orzeszkowa created a religious protagonist and a portrait of the negativistic female personalityin the novel Cham [ The Boor], which tells the story of a fisherman. The two-way antievaluationreveals itself in Franka’s character. On the one hand, it concerns pathological behaviourswhich are referred to as passive aggressive personality disorder in psychology, and are characterizedby sullenness, fast transition from unjustified rebellion to remorse, high assertiveness, and resentment.On the other hand, it points to the rejection of the higher class connected with the axiologicalbasis aiming at the degeneration of humanity. Franka Chomcówna is a socio-cultural product– an effect of the premature sexualization of a child who, in her adult life, aims at destruction.Thereby, the objectification of the protagonist ends with a suicidal act.
EN
Characteristic of the manor shown in the W. Myśliwski novel “Palace” corresponds to the climate of the prose by: S. Brzozowski, S. Zeromski, W. Gombrowicz. That manor is the cultural image of its decadence, accompanied by the inherent evil of human nature. Main character-narrator enters interior of the manor (as a result of the abandonment of the palace by the heir afraid of the upcoming war) and indeed the labyrinth of own soul to transform into Jakub-master. The process of transformation reveals a clear dichotomy, in the personality of the hero, concerning evaluation through the good and the evil deeds.
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