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EN
The Soviet threat in the journalism of Stanisław Cat-Mackiewicz during the Second World War
EN
Poland, a key victim of Nazi Germany’s aggression, never received adequate compensation for the destruction of the country during World War II. The author explains why this was the case and presents the history of this crucial issue in Polish-German relations.
EN
The author analyzes the policy of Poland towards autonomous Slovakia in the period of six months from the Munich Conference to forming in Spring 1939 formally independent, separate Slovak state. The government in Warsaw made a serious mistake by demanding in Autumn 1938 to join some small pieces of Slovakias territory to Poland. The realization of those demands led to rapid weakening of strong at that time Polish influences in Slovakia and accelerated the process of strengthening German influences. As a result, not only had Slovakia allowed the Germans in September 1939 to use its territory to attack Poland, but also itself took part in fights alongside the Wehrmacht.
PL
Rząd PRL pod naciskiem ZSRR w deklaracji z 23 sierpnia 1953 r. zrzekł się repa-racji od Niemiec. Od tego czasu RFN konsekwentnie stoi na stanowisku, że na drodze prawnej sprawa świadczeń dla polskich ofiar okupacji niemieckiej jest dawno zamknięta. Mimo to dwukrotnie (w 1970 i 1990 r.) RFN usiłowała uzyskać od Polski potwierdzenie ważności deklaracji z 1953 r. Wszystkie świadczenia wypłacane na mocy zawartych w omawianym okresie układów polsko-niemieckich (1972 i 1991 r.) były przedstawiane przez RFN jako pomoc humanitarna, na zasadzie „ex gratia”.
EN
The government of the Polish People's Republic, under pressure from the USSR, renounced reparations from Germany in a declaration dated August 23rd, 1953. Since that time the Federal Republic of Germany consistently holds the position, that the case of repa-rations for Polish victims of German occupation has long been closed legally. Nonetheless, the Federal Republic of Germany was trying twice (in 1970 and 1990) to obtain from Poland a confirmation of the validity of the declaration from the year 1953. All the benefits paid out in accordance with the Polish-German agreements concluded in the period in question (1972 and 1991) were presented by the Federal Republic of Germany as humanitarian aid, on the principle of "ex gratia".
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