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Rocznik Lubuski
|
2009
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vol. 35
|
issue 1
149-158
EN
The national politics of the communist government was of paramount importance in relation to the settlement and management of the Polish western and northern territories. The primary elements of the politics included: the eviction of the German population, the settlement of the Polish population and the incorporation of the native Polish population into the Polish nation. These issues were strongly connected with one another and were resolved simultaneously in the process of unification. The questions of the eviction of the Germans and the new territories on the west were beyond discussion as these issues were equally important for all political parties in Poland. Both the communist as well the democratic underground supported this option. The eviction of the Germans from territories taken over by Poland after the end of World War II constituted one of the major political targets of the new state. The Germans who were forced to migrate from their homes often protested and not infrequently faced numerous forms of the direct use of force. The main problem of the western and northern territories of Poland, abandoned in 60% of the area, consisted in the settlement of Polish people. The settlement on the Regained Territories before the establishment of the Ministry for Regained Territories, despite various attempts to introduce numerous schemes, remained disorganized and uncoordinated. It proceeded impulsively, with relatively little control of the local administration, and poor involvement of the central government. The activity of the newly established Ministry for the Regained Territories allowed for better planning of the settlement of the post-German territories. In consequence of World War II, the western and northern territories of Poland were almost completely abandoned by their inhabitants who were replaced by immigrants from various regions of Poland as well as from abroad. Most of these new settlers came of their own will, there were however many cases of forced migration. The attitude of Poles was influenced mainly by political and social circumstances. During the first wave of the after-war settlement this attitude grew out of the experience of the war. There was a lot of hostility fear about the potential return of the Germans. In the first period these attitudes were strengthened by the presence of the German population and their contacts with the Red Army. The official anti-German propaganda exerted a strong impact on the attitudes of the Polish settlers and arose a lot of hostility, frustration and violence.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy sektora edukacyjnego w ujęciu holistycznym, czyli od przedszkoli, aż po studia wyższe. Ukazane w nim została znaczenie szkolnictwa dla propagandy państwowej oraz zmiany w jego strukturze (realizowana reforma oświaty). Ponadto omówione w nim zostały kwestie związane problemami dotyczącymi poszczególnych szczebli edukacji polskiego społeczeństwa. Przyczynek ten ukazuje niewątpliwy awans cywilizacyjny narodu polskiego w zakresie wykształcenia ogólnego. Próbuje też odpowiedzieć na pytanie dotyczące tego czy możemy mówić pozytywnych elementach realizowanej ówcześnie reformy, czy też była ona li tylko kalką „radzieckich” rozwiązań w tej materii.
PL
Artykuł porusza problematykę zaopatrzenia handlu rzemiosła i usług na terenie miasta Zielona Góra w ostatniej dekadzie PRL. Opisana została infrastruktura samych placówek, jak i asortyment przez nie oferowany. Scharakteryzowano lokalizację oraz zaopatrzenie sklepów: mięsnych, piekarni, wielobranżowych, kiosków „Ruchu”, sklepów z zabawkami, a także targowiska miejskiego. Poruszone zostały również kwestie związane z dostępem do artykułów w poszczególnych okresach, dniach miesiąca, a nawet porach dnia. Opisany został również stan rzemiosła i usług, z koncentracja na sklepach specjalistycznych oraz rzadkich zawodach. Osobno wyodrębniono stan handlu i zaopatrzenia w mieście w 1989, czyli w okresie transformacji ustrojowej. Powyższy przyczynek bazuje głównie na niepublikowanych dotychczas informacjach archiwalnych.
EN
This article raises the subject of the supply of trade, crafts and services at the terrain of the city of Zielona Góra in the last decade of the Polish People’s Republic. It describes the infrastructure of the establishments and outlets a well as the assortment that they offered. The location and the supply of the butcher’s stores, bakeries, general goods stores, “Ruch” kiosks, toy stores and the city’s marketplace were characterized. The matters related to article accessibility in particular periods, days of the month and even times of day were presented. The state of crafts and services was also described, with the emphasis on specialized stores and rare professions. The state of the trade and supplies in 1989, at the time of the system changes, has been particularly distinguished. The above-mentioned article is based on archive information that has never been published before.
Biblioteka
|
2017
|
issue 21(30)
309-314
PL
Daniel Koteluk, „Papierowa propaganda” w bibliotece w osadzie wiejskiej Czerwieńsk w powiecie zielonogórskim od 1949 do 1956 roku, Zielona Góra, PRO LIBRIS 2016, s. 184
EN
This article, making a valuable contribution to study on changes of social sentiments, deals with the problem of numerous letters reaching the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers’ Party [KC PZPR – Komitet Centralny Polskiej Zjednoczonej Partii Robotniczej] in the 1970s. It is also an attempt to analyze changes that occurred in mentality of Poles of the Edward Gierek’s decade. That correspondence enables its today’s readers to become familiar with the economic and sociopolitical problems that bothered Polish society the most. The correspondence’s analysis shows peoples’ growing discontent with the government, resulting from their dissatisfaction with not fulfilled aroused social needs. It also indicates housing, prices and wages problems. Moreover, people writing to KC PZPR used to criticize such aspects of daily life as: party apparatus’ morality, living conditions and social injustice. However, there were high percentage of letters having a character of panegyrics on the supreme party authorities.
EN
In the article, I am going to present the image of Polish intellectual based on selected film motifs. The cinema of the Polish People’s Republic created a distinct type of Polish intellectual who appeared in many films. He was not, however, a homogenous type, since a noble assistant or professor was contrasted with a cynical associate professor. I will try to capture the common features and answer the question whether it is possible to talk about a specific, consistent image of an intellectual in the then Polish People’s cinema, or whether the discussed types differ from each other.
PL
W artykule zamierzam zaprezentować obraz polskiego inteligenta na wybranych motywach filmowych. Kino PRL wykreowało osobny typ inteligenta, który pojawiał się w wielu filmach. Nie był jednak typem jednorodnym, gdyż szlachetnemu asystentowi czy profesorowi przeciwstawiano cynicznego docenta. Postaram się uchwycić cechy wspólne i odpowiedzieć na pytanie, czy możemy mówić o pewnym spójnym wizerunku intelektualisty w ówczesnym kinie Polski Ludowej, czy też omawiane typy różnią się od siebie.
Dzieje Najnowsze
|
2023
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vol. 55
|
issue 1
231-243
EN
The text discusses Dorota Skotarczak’s 2022 academic publication, entitled Stanisław Bareja. Jego czasy i filmy [Stanisław Bareja. His Times and Films]. The author of the review article placed his study in the context of the history of People’s Poland.
PL
Tekst omawia publikację naukową Doroty Skotarczak z 2022 r., pt. Stanisław Bareja. Jego czasy i filmy. Autor artykułu recenzyjnego wpisał swoje opracowanie w kontekst historii Polski Ludowej.
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