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PL
Na wyjątkowe miejsce muzyki w Kościele wskazał Sobór Watykański II, który stwierdzał, że „muzyka jest integralną częścią uroczystej liturgii (KL112)”To ten właśnie sobór zaznaczył, że należy ze czcią otaczać skarbiec muzyki kościelnej (zob. KL 114). Dzisiaj jest to nadal aktualne, ponieważ muzyka w Kościele jest narzędziem ewangelizacji podczas liturgii, ale także poza nią, muzyka pełni także rolę kerygmatyczną. Papież Jan Paweł II tłumaczył, że „człowiek, który w widzialnym świecie jest jedynym ontycznym podmiotem kultury, jest też jedynym właściwym jej przedmiotem i celem. Kultura jest tym, przez co człowiek jako człowiek staje się bardziej człowiekiem: bardziej jest”. W centrum więc wszelkich działań jest człowiek jako twórca kultury. Skarbiec Kościoła, jakim jest muzyczna spuścizna wieków, powinno się otaczać jeszcze większą troską, aby podczas liturgii, a także poza nią, np. na koncertach muzyki religijnej, można było uczyć się życia kulturą, a co za tym idzie, by przetrwało życie duchowe. To jest właśnie potrzeba budowania na kulturze współczesnego życia każdego człowieka. Z całą pewnością kultura jest człowiekowi potrzebna do codziennego życia, jako że bardziej istniejemy wówczas jako ludzie. W 1987 r. został opublikowany dokument Kongregacji Kultu Bożego O koncertach w kościołach. Wydanie go koniecznym się stało, jak tłumaczyła Kongregacja, ze względu na coraz częstsze wydarzenia kulturalne, które były organizowane w świątyniach. Dzisiaj, po wielu latach od publikacji tego dokumentu, koncerty w kościołach zadomowiły się już na stałe w świątyniach. Ale nadal aktualnymi są pytania o to, czy wszystkie one mogą i powinny odbywać się w kościołach. A nawet trzeba by popatrzeć, jaka jest muzyka przedstawiana na owych występach i ‒ co najważniejsze ‒ czy ona służy zbudowaniu wiernych. Gdy chce się odpowiedzieć na pytanie, czy koncerty to kwestia jedynie estetyki, zostawiając na boku kwestię liturgiczności, czyli także możliwości organizacji koncertu w miejscu świętym, spójrzmy raz jeszcze do nowej Instrukcji Episkopatu Polski z 2017  r. i tam odnajdziemy także jakąś próbę odpowiedzi. „Każde wielkie dzieło sztuki w swojej inspiracji i w swych korzeniach jest religijne. Autentyczna forma sztuki jest swoistą drogą dostępu do głębszej rzeczywistości człowieka i świata. Tym samym stanowi też bardzo trafne wprowadzenie w perspektywę wiary. Zachwyt nad pięknem może prowadzić do doświadczenia religijnego. Kościół musi być ojczyzną piękna”(II IEP, 44b). Koncerty więc mają mieć w sobie piękno, które już zawiera i łączy estetykę z liturgią. Może więc niezbywalnym argumentem za organizacją dobrych koncertów w świątyniach (wymóg estetyki), ale także odpowiadającym wymogom liturgii i godności świątyni, będzie raz jeszcze powrót do teologa dźwięku, papieża Benedykta XVI, i przypomnienie słów, w których zwracał się w 2009 r. do twórców kultury: „(…) jesteście strażnikami piękna, dzięki swemu talentowi możecie przemawiać do ludzkich serc, poruszyć wrażliwość indywidualną i wspólnotową, rozbudzić marzenia i nadzieje, poszerzyć horyzonty poznania i zaangażowania człowieka. (…) Także wy poprzez swą sztukę bądźcie głosicielami i świadkami nadziei dla ludzkości”. Tylko tak możemy ocalić to, co najważniejsze. Nie można zadowalać się kiczem, bo on do niczego nie doprowadzi, a może nawet zbanalizować to, co święte. Trzeba, i to pilnie, wzorem wielkich papieży, na nowo podjąć dialog Kościoła i kultury.
EN
The special role of music in the Church was indicated by Vatican Council II according to which music is an “integral part of the solemn liturgy” (SC 112). The same Council stated the need of cherishing the treasure of sacred music (SC 114). It is still relevant today since the music in the Church is an instrument of evangelization not only during liturgy, but also beyond it, playing the kerygmatic role as well. John Paul II explained that “Man who, in the visible world, is the only ontic subject of culture, is also its only object and its term. Culture is the thing through which man as man, becomes more man, ‘is’ more”. Therefore man, as a creator of culture, is in the very centre of all actions. This treasure of the Church encompassing the music heritage of centuries needs to be specially protected so that during liturgy and outside it, i.e. at concerts of religious music, we could learn how to live with culture and so that our spiritual life would continue. Such is the need which urges to construct the life of modern man based on culture. It cannot be questioned that culture is what man needs in his daily life since thanks to culture we can exist more as human beings. In 1987 the Congregation for Divine Worship published the document on Concerts in Churches. This publication was necessitated by the fact that more and more cultural events began to be organized in churches. Today, after so many years since the document was issued, concerts in churches have become something ordinary. Still, the question remains, can they all and should they be organized in temples? This issue needs a closer look at the kind of music presented at these events and, most importantly, whether it serves the faithful? If we want to find the answer to the question whether church concerts are the matter of sole aesthetics excluding the matter of liturgy, which would entail less restricted organization of concerts in churches, let us analyze the new Instruction of Polish Episcopate Conference of 2017 which attempted to address this problem. “Every work of art is religiously rooted and inspired. An authentic form of art is a peculiar way of reaching deeper reality of man and the world. That being so, it provides a very apt introduction for the perspective of faith. Enchantment with beauty may lead to religious experience. Church must be a homeland of beauty” (No. 44b). For the above reason, concerts should contain beauty which itself embodies and combines aesthetics and liturgy. When seeking some irrefutable arguments for the organization of good concerts in churches (the requirement of aesthetics) as well as such which might meet the requirements of liturgy and solemnity of a temple, we may refer to a great theologian of sound, Benedict XVI and his words addressed in 2009 to people of culture: “You are the custodians of beauty: thanks to your talent, you have the opportunity to speak to the heart of humanity, to touch individual and collective sensibilities, to call forth dreams and hopes, to broaden the horizons of knowledge and of human engagement. (…) Through your art, you yourselves are to be”. Only in this way can we save what is the most important. We cannot content ourselves with a kitsch for it does not lead any higher and even trivializes the sacred. We need to reopen urgently and a dialogue between the Church and culture following our great Popes.
EN
Drawing on the musical tradition of the Church, the Vatican Council II stated that: “In the Latin Church the pipe organ is to be held in high esteem, for it is the traditional musical instrument which adds a wonderful splendor to the Church’s ceremonies and powerfully lifts up man’s mind to God and to higher things” (CSL 120). The instruction Musicam Sacram specified this even more explicitly: “Musical instruments can be very useful in sacred celebrations, whether they accompany the singing or whether they are played as solo instruments” (MS 62). The instruction of 1987, regarding concerts in churches, reaffirmed the conciliar stipulation that the proper church instrument is a pipe organ: “It is of considerable importance that in all churches, and especially those of some importance, there should be trained musicians and instruments of good quality. Care should be given to the maintenance of organs and respect shown towards their historical character both in form and tone” (no. 7). Thereby the Church’s stance on the matter of sacred music is rigid. On 18 March 2007 Cardinal Stanisław Dziwisz signed The Cracow Archdiocese Guidelines for Construction, Renovation and Import of Instruments of 2007. The document is divided into the following chapters: General rules, Construction of new organs, Reconstruction and renovation of existing organs, Transfer of organs, Post-renovation quality acceptance, Final stipulations. In the years 1997-2015, in the Cracow Archdiocese there were constructed 15 new pipe organs, 40 instruments were imported from abroad, 70 were renovated and restored. Currently, we are carrying out the renovation and reconstruction of pipe organs in 17 churches of the Archdiocese34, including the two new instruments in two leading sanctuaries: of the Divine Mercy and of John Paul II. It is possible thanks to the dedicated work of the members of the Archdiocesan Commission for Church Music and to the approbation of the Church Administrators.
EN
It seems that in the face of the current situation of Polish Church, in the context of social and political transformations and all the years following the ending aggiornamento of the II Vatican Council, and while observing the decline of “dominicantes”, it is high time we dealt with the spiritual formation of those who greatly contribute to the creation of liturgy at our churches. Such a formation is a necessity of the present time! It is our pastoral duty, which we have to carry out by the force of holy orders as priests or bishops. It also seems it is the natural consequence of the Church life, the most important work of which has been deepening the faith of Christ’s followers and leading them to salvation, as The Catechism of The Catholic Church teaches us (cf. Mt 28, 19–20; The Catechism… – Preface). There are many people who cooperate with us at parishes. It is thus important not to treat all of these organized groups, their members and organists in an instrumental way. We should avoid noticing them and their work only then when we need them for our liturgical celebrations, to forget them afterwards. We should make a continuous effort to form their spirituality. Only then will their participation in liturgy be fruitful and complete so they could, through singing, organ playing, but also through their conduct, give the testimony of their strengthened faith. Clergymen need retreat and meditation, so as to more explicitly preach Jesus, but secular Catholics, our associates need them as well. Let us appreciate the possibility of influencing believers, helping them in deepening their faith, all done by good and valuable music. Let us avoid ignoring this charisma which has been given to us. Another, perhaps still little valued, possibility of pastoral influencing believers is good liturgical music, or church music in general. We can preach the mystery of faith through sounds. What we need the is to learn how to treat music in liturgy seriously. Not as a complementary element of silent moments of celebration, but as an integral part of it. Music can help us raise our hearts towards God, it can teach faith, bolster up hope, teach the spiritual way of everyday life. Liturgical music is then the pastoral way of Church doings. To sum up, it is worth to cite the words of Pope Benedict XVI: I encourage all shepherds to do their best so as to emanate with authentic Eucharistic Christian spirituality. The care for music and musicians should be the pastoral care of the Church.
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