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EN
In the contemporary world, areas characterised by the development of the information economy and society are of particular importance. This article has two goals: a theoretical and an empirical one. From a theoretical perspective, an attempt is made to answer the question of how the growth of the IT sector changes the traditional concepts of industrial location and regional development. The empirical part presents the preliminary results of a research carried out under the international project “Accommodating Creative Knowledge: Competitiveness of European Metropolitan Regions within the Enlarged Union” (ACRE). They show the state, dynamics and spatial structure of the analysed sector as well as the spatial behaviour of its employees in the Poznań metropolitan area. The article concludes with a distinction of two development pathways of the IT sector: catching up with the more advanced Western economies and societies, and utilising the endogenous human capital.
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Przemiany w geografii przemysłu

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EN
The article has a ‘celebratory’ character connected with two jubilees: – the 25th anniversary of the Conference on Industrial Geography, organised by the Institute of Geography, Cracow Pedagogical University, in collaboration with the Industrial Geography Committee of the Polish Geographical Society; and – the 80th birthday of Professor Stanisław Misztal, Honorary President of the Industrial Geography Committee of the Polish Geographical Society. This is a good opportunity to analyse and discuss the changes which have taken place in industrial geography over this period. The discussion, presented in the first section, embraces the following issues: 1. Change in the definition of the substantive scope of industrial geography; 2. Methodological trends and research directions; 3. A new look at the location of economic activity; 4. The place of industry in on-going spatial processes. The next section of the article addresses the question of how the changes are reflected in the 25-years’ history of the Cracow Conference. The last section presents evaluation of the current state of the Polish industrial geography, including its strengths and weaknesses.
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu jest refleksja nad sytuacją teoretyczno-metodologiczną współczesnej geografii przemysłu oraz nad możliwościami aplikacji niektórych koncepcji do analizy procesu transformacji przemysku w Polsce. Artykuł opiera się na tezach rozprawy habilitacyjnej autora pt. "Adaptacja przestrzenna przemysłu w Polsce w warunkach transformacji'' (T. Stryjakiewicz 1999).
EN
The 2014 Regional Conference of the International Geographical Union is a good occasion for reflections on changes that took place in Polish industrial geography at the turn of the 21st century.This article discusses several issues which – in the author’s opinion – best reflect those changes: (a) problems with defining the substantive scope of the discipline; (b) new methodological trends (e.g. evolutionary, relational, institutional approaches); (c) a new look at the factors of location of an economic activity; and (d) the place of industry in present-day spatial processes (globalisation, transformation, tertiarisation of the economy). The second part of the article offers (1) an analysis of the involvement of Polish industrial geography in systemic transition; (2) a survey of its contemporary most important research problems, and (3) anassessment of the current state of Polish industrial geography, including its strengths and weaknesses.It should be emphasised that this paper does not seek to give a full survey of the latest publications in Polish industrial geography; it is only intended to outline an evolution of research issues against trends in world geography.
EN
Professor Eike W. Schamp, an eminent German economic geographer, died of a serious illness on 8 February 2019. For many years he was director of the Institute of Economic and Social Geography and dean of the Faculty of Geographical Sciences at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in Frankfurt am Main. He was also a full member of industrial commissions of the International Geographical Union and constantly cooperated with our journal.
EN
Internationalization is a priority of research activities carried out in the Department of Economic Geography (formerly the Department of Regional Policy and European Integration) at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (AMU) from the very beginning of its establishment in 2002. The article presents the role, scope as well as scientific and practical effects of the participation of the Department in several international research projects, such as ACRE, CIRES, RurAction, Re-City and FilmInd.
PL
Umiędzynarodowienie badań jest jednym z priorytetów działalności naukowej Zakładu Geografii Ekonomicznej (wcześniej Zakładu Polityki Regionalnej i Integracji Europejskiej) UAM od początku jego istnienia, tj. od 2002 r. Artykuł przedstawia udział Zakładu w kilku międzynarodowych projektach badawczych o akronimach ACRE, CIRES, RurAction, Re-City, FilmInd oraz efekty naukowe i praktyczne ich realizacji.
EN
The aim of the article is to present the chronology of activities that led to the emergence of the discipline ‘socio-economic geography and spatial management’ in the new classification of science in Poland which has been in force since 2018. The path of emergence of the discussed discipline is analysed from the standpoint of one of the participants of this process. The article also presents positive and negative consequences of implementing this classification in the context of two different structural models of geography as a science. Among positive consequences one can mention (1) preservation of the name ‘geography’ on the list of scientific disciplines, and (2) a favourable formal and legal ‘empowerment’ of socio-economic geography in the system of the organisation and evaluation of science in Po land. Among the greatest threats one can see (1) a reduction in the importance of socio-economic geography in favour of spatial management, and (2) the organisational disintegration of some geographical communities, institutions and research units. However, there are also attempts at the reintegration of geography around two of its basic segments, i.e. physical geography and human geography. In the author’s opinion, future activities should focus on the means to strengthen realistically (and not only declaratively) the position of the new discipline and its constituent subdisciplines against other scientific disciplines.
PL
Ziemia, praca i kapitał – to trzy główne czynniki produkcji wyróżniane przez klasyczną ekonomię. O ile ziemia wraz z jej bogactwami i użytkami, a także czynnik pracy(ludzie z ich kwalifikacjami i umiejętnościami) stanowią przedmiot zainteresowania nie tylko ekonomii, ale i geografii od początku jej istnienia, to kapitał – jego przepływy i przestrzenną alokację należy uznać za zaniedbany problem badawczy w geografii ekonomicznej. Wpływa na to szereg przyczyn, ale najważniejszymi są zapewne: trudno uchwytny (a przy zastosowaniu obecnych technik komunikacyjnych wręcz „niewidzialny”, niematerializujący się) charakter obrotu kapitału oraz poufność danych.
EN
Clusters – spatial concentrations of companies and institutions in functionally-related fields – are known as places facilitating the creation and spreading of knowledge. Facing competition from similar firms nearby, cluster firms must constantly search for and utilise new technological and business knowledge. In this paper we present the results of a comparative study conducted in the companies located within two furniture clusters operating in different life cycle stages, which have been determined on the basis of employment, production and export indicators. The first cluster – Livenza is located in the North of Italy and is an example of a mature cluster, the second – in Kępno (Greater Poland region) – as a growing one. Questionnaire survey of the firms located in these areas allowed to state that the firms in the first cluster – in relation to the second one – use more professional knowledge sources, such as: consulting firms, employing “knowledge agents” delivering current knowledge expertise, trainings and actions of public institutions. The results of the study may become a guideline for business environment institutions and public authorities as to the ways of obtaining new, external knowledge which is most expected by the local cluster firms.
PL
Klastry – przestrzenne koncentracje powiązanych ze sobą przedsiębiorstw i instytucji w wybranych branżach gospodarczych – znane są w literaturze jako miejsca umożliwiające tworzenie i rozpowszechnianie specjalistycznej wiedzy. Artykuł przedstawia wyniki badania porównawczego dotyczącego źródeł wiedzy dla firm na obszarze dwóch klastrów meblarskich znajdujących się w różnych fazach cyklu życia, określanych na podstawie wskaźników zatrudnienia, produkcji i eksportu. Pierwszym analizowanym przykładem jest klaster w Livenzie, położony na obszarze tzw. Trzecich Włoch, należący do dojrzałych, drugim – kępińskie zagłębie meblowe, które można zaklasyfikować jako klaster w fazie wzrostu. Badania ankietowe przeprowadzone w przedsiębiorstwach działających na tych obszarach pozwoliły wykazać, że firmy w klastrze dojrzałym – w zestawieniu z firmami w klastrze rosnącym – wykorzystują więcej różnorodnych i profesjonalnych źródeł wiedzy, takich jak:1) firmy konsultingowe,2) zatrudnianie nowych pracowników wnoszących do firmy aktualną wiedzę branżową,3) szkolenia i działania instytucji publicznych.Wyniki te mogą stanowić wytyczną dla instytucji otoczenia biznesu oraz władz regionalnych na temat wspierania najbardziej pożądanych przez lokalne firmy klastrowe sposobów pozyskiwania nowej wiedzy.
PL
Głównym celem artykułu jest przedstawienie inicjatyw klastrowych jako szansy na rozwój małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw przemysłu meblarskiego w Polsce (w szczególności w warunkach kryzysu). Jest to ważna gałąź krajowej gospodarki, generująca ok. 2% PKB i ok. 6% polskiego eksportu. Na początku scharakteryzowano stan polskiego przemysłu meblarskiego w 2013 roku. Uwarunkowania i perspektywy rozwoju tej branży zostały przeanalizowane przy użyciu koncepcji pięciu sił Portera. Następnie przedstawiono ideę inicjatyw klastrowych jako formy współpracy pomiędzy konkurującymi ze sobą przedsiębiorstwami tej samej branży oraz przykłady inicjatyw klastrowych przemysłu meblarskiego w Polsce. W kolejnej części opisany został przypadek Swarzędza – miasta stolarzy i meblarzy o długich tradycjach rzemieślniczych, w którym wciąż funkcjonuje wiele małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw meblarskich. Zaprezentowano również Swarzędzki Klaster Producentów Mebli – inicjatywę koordynowaną przez Cech Stolarzy Swarzędzkich oraz projekt strategii rozwoju tego klastra, realizowany m.in. przy dofinansowaniu pozyskanym ze środków Programu Operacyjnego Innowacyjna Gospodarka
EN
The main aim of this article is to present cluster initiatives as a chance for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises operating in the furniture industry in Poland (especially under crisis conditions). It is an important branch of the national economy, generating ca. 2% of the GDP and accounting for ca. 6% of Polish exports. Firstly, the state of the Polish furniture industry in 2013 is presented. The conditions and prospects of its development are analyzed using Porter’s five forces concept. In the next part, the idea of cluster initiatives as a form of co-operation between competing enterprises is described and illustrated with the use of some examples from Poland as a whole. The paper ends with a case study of Swarzędz – a city of carpenters and furniture producers. This industry has a long tradition in Swarzędz and is sustained to the present day. Currently, the Swarzędz Cluster of Furniture Producers is being formed with the initiative from the local Guild of Swarzędz Carpenters. Additionally, its development strategy is being established and is to be funded from the Innovative Economy Operational Programme.
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EN
The aim of this paper is to disscuss the following issues:a) a role of the creative class in a city, b) mobility of the creative class, c) a significance of the pull or push factors for the reperesentatives of the different groups of the creative class to live and work in a city. The analysis is based on two research projects:1) ACRE – Accommodating Creative Knowledge. Competitiveness of European Metropolitan Regions within the Enlarged Union (the project from the 6th Framework Programme of the European Union),2) CREA.RE – Creative Regions (the project from the INTERREG IV C, coordinated by the Poznań City Hall).The results of the empirical analysis are presented mainly on the example of the Poznań Metropolitan Region (POM).
PL
Celem opracowania jest identyfikacja roli klasy kreatywnej w mieście, mobilności tej kategorii osób oraz rozpoznanie czynników przyciągania i odpychania reprezentantów różnych kategorii klasy kreatywnej wobec miasta. Analiza opiera się na dwóch projektach badawczych: ACRE (Accommodating Creative Knowledge. Competitiveness of European Metropolitan Regions within the Enlarged Union; the project from the 6th Framework Programme of the European Union) oraz CREA.RE (Creative Regions; the project from the INTERREG IV C, coordinated by the Poznań City Hall).
EN
This paper aims to analyse to what extent the level and dynamics of development of rural regions located in two firmly different countries, Austria and Portugal, differ. In order to do this, an index to measure the ‘structural strength’ of rural regions was created. This index is a more holistic measure of socio-economic development than the traditional GDP per capita. After the identification of structurally weak regions in both Austria and Portugal, the paper compares them in the context of challenges faced by such regions.
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EDITORAL

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EN
This volume of Quaestiones Geographicae is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the establishment of the Poznań geographical centre. The tradition of geographical research is much longer, but it was not until Poland regained independence in 1918 and the University of Poznań was founded in 1919 that its institutional basis was created. Geography has existed at the University of Poznań since its very beginning (with a break during World War II). The founder of the Institute of Geography was Professor Stanisław Pawłowski, later the rector of the University of Poznań, secretary general of the 14th International Geographic Congress in Warsaw (1934) and Vice-President of the International Geographical Union (from 1938), murdered by German occupiers in 1940.
EN
For many decades most researchers, planners and local authorities have been focusing almost exclusively on urban growth and its socio-economic and spatial consequences. However, in the current debate concerning the future of cities and regions in Europe the process of their shrinkage starts to attract more attention. In the conditions of a declining population, urban governance is an important challenge for local authorities, being usually much more difficult than during the periods of population growth. The experience of cities affected by shrinkage shows that there is no simple method of counteracting negative consequences of this process. Regeneration strategies vary a lot, depending mostly on the way the problem is perceived by both central and local governments. The strategies can either choose an adaptive approach (the acceptance of shrinkage and adjustment to it), or attempt to renew growth (shrinkage is treated as just a temporary phenomenon). Quite often the problem is ignored and no action is taken at all. In the paper the authors discuss the conditions and consequences of different approaches towards the process of shrinkage and present examples of regeneration strategies (together with their assessment). They conclude with recommendations for future urban policies.
EN
This paper seeks to present organisational and programme assumptions of a new field of postgraduate studies called Cultural industries in the development policies of towns and regions, prepared by a team of workers of the Institute of Socio-Economic Geography and Spatial Management of Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań as a didactic innovation based on the assumptions of a modular system of education that meets contemporary changes in the labour market. Apart from those assumptions, the analysis will also embrace experiences following from the educational process implemented with the support of the Human Capital Operational Programme in the years 2013–2015 (Priority IV: Tertiary Education and Science, Measure 4.3: Enhancing the didactic potential of universities in areas of key importance for the Europe 2020 Strategy, UDA-POKL.04.03.00-00-152/12-00). They provide a basis for conclusions and recommendations for higher schools interested in the development of this area of education.
PL
Celem pracy jest przedstawienie założeń programowych i organizacyjnych nowego kierunku studiów podyplomowych pn. Przemysły kultury w polityce rozwoju miast i regionów, który został przygotowany przez zespół pracowników Instytutu Geografii Społeczno-Ekonomicznej i Gospodarki Przestrzennej Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu jako innowacja dydaktyczna, wykorzystująca założenia modułowego systemu kształcenia, odpowiadająca na współczesne przemiany rynku pracy. Analiza, obok przedstawienia przedmiotowych założeń, obejmuje również doświadczenia wynikające z procesu kształcenia, jaki zrealizowano przy wsparciu Programu Operacyjnego Kapitał Ludzki w latach 2013–2015 (Priorytet IV. Szkolnictwo wyższe i nauka. Działanie 4.3. Wzmocnienie potencjału dydaktycznego uczelni w obszarach kluczowych w kontekście celów Strategii Europa 2020 – UDA-POKL.04.03.00-00-152/12-00), które stanowią podstawę do sformułowania wniosków i rekomendacji dla uczelni zainteresowanych rozwojem tej dziedziny kształcenia.
EN
Social innovation entered the academic discourse several decades ago and has since been seen as a way of tackling existing problems in various contexts. Although an extensive body of research has been conducted into the role of social innovation in urban context, there is still a gap when it comes to studying the role of social innovation in the development of rural areas. In this paper, an attempt is made to look at the role of Local Action Groups (LAGs) and Local Development Associations (LDAs) as promoters of social innovation in rural areas in Austria and Portugal, aiming to understand the role of such organisations and the challenges faced by the latter in promoting social innovation.
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