The paper contains the main definitions concerning the transport infrastructure. It also shows numerous defensive needs of the state, on the basis of which areas of defensive tasks have been determined. The author highlights the assessment of the current conditions of the road infrastructure in Poland - both linear and nodal, as well as of the means of transport. Moreover, the paper describes obstacles to development which exist in road transport infrastructure and the direction of changes whose implementing could lead to increasing the innovativeness and utility of this infrastructure. There is a correlation between the development of infrastructure and the fulfilment of defensive needs – adequate qualitative and quantitative conditions of different elements of road infrastructure make it possible to ensure the proper functioning of the state if a crisis erupts or war breaks out.