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1

THE BIBLE IN THE LITERATURE OF THE CHINESE MAINLAND IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

100%
Gálik M.
Asian and African Studies
|
2007
|
vol. 16
|
issue 1
68 - 80
EN
The aim of this article is the attempt to analyze shortly the most important aspects concerning the impact of the Bible on modern Chinese literature in the twentieth century pointing to its creative writers, critics and literary historians from Lu Xun to Haizi.
2

TANG YIJIE: CONTEMPORARY CHINESE NEW CONFUCIANIST

100%
Gálik M.
Asian and African Studies
|
2018
|
vol. 27
|
issue 2
111 – 124
EN
Professor Tang Yijie (1927 ̶ 2014) was one of the most prominent philosophers of the PRC after the “Cultural Revolution” (1966 ̶ 1976). He was the leading representative of New Confucianism, the main trend in Chinese philosophy of the 20th and (beginning of the) 21st centuries. This essay points out mainly the author’s personal reminiscences concerning him and his wife Yue Daiyun (1931 ̶ ) and their strain to overcome the huge impact of the ultra-leftist views of the period 1949 ̶ 1978, which made all scholarly development in the humanities impossible. It is mostly about our meetings, correspondence, discussions and the facts often unknown to other scholars, but also within the possibilities of a short review presenting his life and work.
3

ON THE LYRIC(AL)NESS IN THE SINO-JAPANESE INTERLITERARY PROCESS: MUSINGS AFTER READING KOKINSHU PREFACES

100%
Gálik M.
Asian and African Studies
|
2007
|
vol. 16
|
issue 2
147 - 160
EN
The aim of this essay is to show the lyric(al)ness of Japanese poetry of the Heian era (794-1192) and its similar and different features in comparison with Chinese poetry of the Six Dynasties (420-580), especially from its late period. The examples are taken from the Japanese collection 'Kokinshu' (A collection of poems ancient and modern) and from the Chinese collection 'Yutai xinyong' (The new songs from the Jade Terrace).
4

HEAVENLY ASSEMBLY ON THE CHINESE STAGE: JESUS, CONFUCIUS AND JOHN LENNON

100%
Gálik M.
Asian and African Studies
|
2012
|
vol. 21
|
issue 2
152 – 173
EN
This essay is an attempt to analyse the first act of the play by the contemporary Chinese playwright Sha Yexin (*1939) Jesus, Confucius and John Lennon (1987) which raised a havoc among the men responsible for the cultural policy in China of the end of the 1980s. It was forbidden after several runs and never performed publicly there. This farcical play imitates the heavenly assemblies as known from the oldest writings from the Near East, Israel and Judah before Christian era and shows the great personalities of religion (Jesus), philosophy (Confucius) and art (Lennon) on the heaven before the fall of the world communist system and prepared to go as the messengers or commissioners of God to both the capitalist and socialist countries of the world, including Red China, to see the life and suffering of millions, or even hundreds of millions of inhabitants. The second, third and four acts are not analysed in this essay.
5

WANG MENG’S ON THE CROSS (1988) AFTER 25 YEARS

100%
Gálik M.
Asian and African Studies
|
2014
|
vol. 23
|
issue 2
274 – 287
EN
This is an analysis of one of the first literary works on a biblical theme in the People’s Republic of China after the Cultural Revolution (1966 – 1976) depicting Jesus Christ’s death on the Cross, Wang Meng’s musings connected with it and his understanding of Jesus as the Messiah, who according to him was a social and political revolutionary. Wang Meng’s views were influenced by the Chinese Jesuits of the 1920s and 1930s, and also certainly by the Marxist ideas common in China to the present day. Although the present writer sympathises with Wang Meng’s understanding of Jesus’ teachings, suffering and death, he criticises Wang Meng’s messianic idea as very different from that in the Mark Gospel and from the common exegesis of the “messianic secret” of the Christian commentators.
6

PRELIMINARY REMARKS ON PRAGUE SCHOOL OF SINOLOGY I.

100%
Gálik M.
Asian and African Studies
|
2010
|
vol. 19
|
issue 2
197-219
EN
The aim of this paper is to analyse the lives and works of 22 Czech and Slovak Sinologists, the members of the Prague School of Sinology around Professor Jaroslav Prusek, from the 1950s to the occupation of Czechoslovakia by the armies of the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact in 1968, and partly also later. The Prague School of Sinology became admired by many people in the West owing to its achievements in the realms mainly of modern and traditional Chinese literature, linguistics and partly of history and philosophy. Up to now, these were not sufficiently analysed in the scholarly literature. It shows the 'reality and myth' around this extraordinary phenomenon in the history of European Sinology.
7

KING DAVID (ca. 1037-ca. 967 B.C.) AND DUKE WEN OF JIN (ca. 697-628 B.C.): TWO PARADIGMATIC RULERS FROM THE HEBREW DEUTERONOMISTIC AND EARLY CHINESE CONFUCIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY

100%
Gálik M.
Asian and African Studies
|
2010
|
vol. 19
|
issue 1
1-25
EN
The aim of this study is to compare the life and work of two great rulers: King David from the Hebrew Bible and Duke Wen of Jin from the early Confucian historical work Zuo zhuan (The Commentary of Zuo). The author points out the similarities and differences of these two examples of the oldest 'narrative histories' in the world.
8

MUSINGS ON WORLD LITERATURE: THE BIBLE AND CHINA SINCE 1919

100%
Gálik M.
Asian and African Studies
|
2019
|
vol. 28
|
issue 2
365 – 399
EN
The Bible is certainly one of the most important works of world literature. The aim of this essay is to point out its impact and reception chiefly in modern Chinese literature from 1980 up to the present. It consists of a brief historical analysis from 1919 to 1950, than skips 30 years of the existence of the People’s Republic of China and its Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) when Bible study and translation of were prohibited. Most attention is devoted to Chinese literary studies and the publication of biblical stories after 1980, during the 1990s and later, as well as to foreign biblical literary studies, mostly of Western origin, and their reception. Original scholarly books and translations into Chinese after 1989 and their impact are also dealt with, as are foreign literary books and their impact. The last two parts are concerned with three journals important for the biblical legacy on the Mainland: Biblical Literary Studies, Journal for the Study of Christian Culture, Regent Review of Christian Thought, and with the contemporary postmodern biblical criticism.
9

IMAGES OF SHULAMITE IN THE CHINESE TRANSLATIONS OF THE BIBLE (1822 ‒ 2004)

100%
Gálik M.
Asian and African Studies
|
2015
|
vol. 24
|
issue 1
45 – 64
EN
The aim of this essay is to present an analysis of a few verses of the biblical Song of Songs (Šir hašširim) eleven from the many Chinese translations produced in the years 1822 ‒ 2004. Three of them were rendered into shen wenli high wenli language, used by missionaries, but not by Chinese or foreign scholars for wenyan one into qian wen-li easy wen-li which was a lower kind of it, but understandable for many educated Chinese readers, and the last six translated into guoyu or guanhua Mandarin. It is only a small part of all the translations into Chinese, but they show the development from mostly following the European translations sticking to the style and sentence order of the biblical originals, to the first attempts at renditions that tried to be more genuinely Chinese, paying more attention to the rhythm of Chinese prose and poetry. The best specimens are probably the translations by the Delegates’ and by Schereschewsky. Among the six translations into vernacular, analysed in this contribution, the Guanhua heheben Mandarin Union Version from the year 1919 is the most popular and influential, but many others have tried to find sympathy among the millions of Chinese readers in the last decades. The most progressive method of translation used in China is the “dynamic or functional equivalence” proposing that the message is to be made understandable to the readers of the target language. More conservative translators use the method of “formal equivalence”, where the source languages of the Bible are more important, and attempts to convey their forms and contents to their readers.
10

XU DISHAN'S CHUNTAO (SPRING PEACH) AND LAO SHE'S YE SHI SANJIAO (ALSO A TRIANGLE): 'FRATERNAL POLYANDRY' IN THE CHINESE FASHION?

100%
Gálik M.
Asian and African Studies
|
2009
|
vol. 18
|
issue 2
293-304
EN
The aim of this study is the two short stories written by Xu Dishan and Lao She that is 'Spring Peach' and 'Also a Triangle'. The author analyses and compares both stories and brings a new view on them. He mentions some possible impacts on them by Elisabeth Nitchie.
11

PRELIMINARY REMARKS ON THE PRAGUE SCHOOL OF SINOLOGY II

100%
Gálik M.
Asian and African Studies
|
2011
|
vol. 20
|
issue 1
95-113
EN
The aim of this study is to analyse the lives and works of 22 Czech and Slovak Sinologists around Professor Jaroslav Prusek, the members of the Prague School of Sinology from the 1950s to the occupation of Czechoslovakia by the armies of the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact in 1968, and partly also later. The Prague School of Sinology became admired by many in the West owing to its achievements in the realms mainly of modern and traditional Chinese literature, linguistics and partly of history and philosophy, but up to now these were not satisfactorily analysed in the scholarly literature. It shows the 'reality and myth' around this extraordinary phenomenon in the history of European Sinology.
12

MY JOURNEY THROUGH SIXTY YEARS OF INTERNATIONAL LITERARY SINOLOGY (1953 – 2012)

100%
Gálik M.
Asian and African Studies
|
2014
|
vol. 23
|
issue 1
60 – 88
EN
Research into the Chinese Humanities in our global age and their development is not possible without looking back and without a broad Sino-Western dialogue and mutual cooperation. In his 80th year the writer of this essay looks back at his life-long experience and brings forward his and his colleagues results of study and common endeavours from China and the West from October 1953 up to our times in different spheres of scholarly research. The different aspects of modern Chinese literature, creative, critical and comparative, intellectual history mostly of Sino-Western orientation, the development of Sinology in his student years in Prague and Peking (1953 – 1960), the best years of the Prague School of Sinology and the beginning of the study of modern Chinese literature in the West (1961 – 1968), Western and European Studies in modern Chinese literature in the years of the so-called Cultural Revolution and its aftermath (1969 – 1979), Western and European studies in the 1980 and the new beginning in China, the end of the 20th century and the beginning the 21st century. This essay also comprises other realms of study such as traditional literature, and researches into the comparative history as well as biblical studies in relation to China.
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