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CIVIC SOCIETY, SOCIAL MOVEMENTS, MOBILISATION AND PROTEST IN SLOVAKIA

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Malova D.

Sociológia (Sociology)

2008

vol. 40

issue 4

347-364

This study examines the emergence of two social movements as an integral part of revival of the civil society in Slovakia. It analyzes the patterns of mobilization and protests of 'Slovak National Movement' (SNM) and the 'Democratic and European Movement' (DEM), based on the civic campaign in 1998. SNM relates to the set of the organized groups loosely linked with the national agenda at the beginning of 1990s' in Slovakia. It argues that both movements are the genuine parts of civil society in Slovakia, analytically defined as the realm of organized public sphere that is voluntary, largely self-supporting, autonomous from the state, politics and private sphere and bound by a legal order or set of the shared rules. The article defines the conditions under which the social movements can emerged during transition to democracy. It analyzes 'civil society in action' and the aims to discuss the patterns of successful mobilization.

REGIONS, MINORITIES AND EUROPEAN INTEGRATION: A CASE STUDY ON HUNGARIANS IN THE KOSICE REGION, SLOVAKIA

63%

Malova D., Vilagi A.

Sociológia (Sociology)

2006

vol. 38

issue 6

507-532

This paper examines the influence of European integration on the political and economical status of the Hungarian minority in Slovakia. Our study tests (and partially challenges) the dominant trend in the current scholarship in European and transition studies that claims the decisive influence of the European Union on minority policy and ethnic relations in Slovakia. These studies looked only at the national political elite level and usually neglected the local elite level. Moreover, they examined only 'political conditionality' as the core strategy of the EU to promote 'respect for and protection of minorities'. Such an approach neglected a possible impact of the accession process on the economic status and the political mobilization of the ethnic minority in the mixed regions that could be stimulated by access to the EU accession (structural) funds. Therefore, we interviewed 31 political and social actors, representing ethnic Hungarians and Slovaks at the national and regional/local level (Kosice region), which had professional dealings with EU institutions, funds or representatives. The main aim of these in-depth, semi-structured interviews was to reveal their perceptions to get deeper understanding of possible changes induced by the EU accession process on the majority-minority relations in Slovakia. The paper generalizes respondents' perception of 'the EU impact' on: the majority-minority relations, the ethnic identity and socio-economic status. It argues that given the lack of an EU agenda and a special policy on minority protection beyond the vague Copenhagen criteria, effects of EU political conditionality in this field depends mostly on the organizational and political strength of respective minority, its articulation of demands, and on the coordinated action of the other international organizations. In Slovakia it empowered the Hungarian political elite and promoted the power-sharing arrangement at the national level (1998-2006) that used to be the most conflicting arena. Paradoxically, access to EU funds has also promoted cross border cooperation among ethnic Hungarians in both Hungary and Slovakia, and did not (yet) affects the traditional patterns of cooperation and competition among the ethnic Slovaks and Hungarians in Slovakia.

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2 Sociológia (Sociology)

1 2008

1 2006

2 Malova D.

1 Vilagi A.

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CIVIC SOCIETY, SOCIAL MOVEMENTS, MOBILISATION AND PROTEST IN SLOVAKIA

REGIONS, MINORITIES AND EUROPEAN INTEGRATION: A CASE STUDY ON HUNGARIANS IN THE KOSICE REGION, SLOVAKIA