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Non-Root-Initial Ictus on Native Words in Old and Middle English Poetry

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Kołos M.
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
|
2014
|
issue 23/2
33-41
EN
Primary word-stress in Germanic languages is generally defined as root-initial. This placement is considered decisive in the metrical shape of native poetic creations, with a tendency for placing prominence where linguistically plausible. However, notable exceptions can be traced in Middle English poetry, with ictus in certain native words falling on a derivative suffix or the second element of an obscure compound rather than the root. The present paper discusses possible reasons for the divergences on the basis of a sample of major poetic works. Focus is placed on the diachronic development from Old to Middle English. Firstly, a discussion from the point of view of linguistic prosody is included, with attention devoted to the possibility of non-weak stress in Old English falling on all heavy, bimoraic syllables. Secondly, semantic aspects are analysed, with focus on the possible impact of incomplete grammaticalization of certain morphemes. Finally, French influences are noted.
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On the Possibility of Continuity in the Metrical Status of Heavy Syllables in Medieval English

100%
Kołos M.
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
|
2016
|
issue 25/2
31-41
EN
The present paper focuses on instances of irregular, non-root accentuation placed on words of Germanic origin in Middle English iambic verse. A proposed explanation for the phenomenon is the continued special metrical status of heavy syllables from Old to Middle English and the retained potential of such syllables for attracting poetic accent. The analysis also takes into account additional factors, including possible external influences and morphological considerations. The text samples are selected basing on the date of their provenance and metrical regularity. In order to reduce the possibility of the results being affected by any loose applications of metre, the analysis is confined to the metrically strongest positions within each type of verse.
3
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Instances of Phonological Weight-Sensitivity in Early Middle English Poetry

100%
Kołos M.
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
|
2015
|
issue 24/2
27-40
EN
The present paper addresses the issue of heavy syllables and their special status in Early Middle English iambic poetry. The expected stress pattern for native vocabulary is essentially trochaic and left-strong, yet numerous non-root-initial heavy syllables appear to receive accent in literary works of the period. In Old English, the language relied on syllabic quantity to a great extent, both for poetic and linguistic accentuation. The question arises whether the apparent potential of heavy syllables for attracting poetic accent in Middle English might be a remnant of Old English weight sensitivity. Another issue to be addressed is the possibly different employment of heavy syllables (in ictic positions) in Early Middle English poems as opposed to later poetic works of the period.
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