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PL
W artykule omówiono najważniejsze etapy tworzenia kwestionariusza postrzeganych cech osobowości psów i kotów. Narzędzie pomiaru zostało opracowane na podstawie wyników badań eksploracyjnych, w których uczestniczyło 200 właścicieli psów i 200 właścicieli kotów. Przedstawiono właściwości psychometryczne skal, które zostały osobno skonstruowane dla każdego gatunku zwierząt domowych, opracowano wytyczne dotyczące praktycznego zastosowania narzędzia, klucz, a także procedurę przeliczania wyników surowych na wyniki znormalizowane w celu postawienia diagnozy. Prezentowany kwestionariusz może być stosowany zarówno do badań ściśle naukowych, jak i w praktyce weterynaryjnej lub hodowlanej.
EN
The article discusses the most important steps in the development of scales to assess personality traits attributed to dogs and cats. The analysis is based on exploratory study which considered 200 dog owners and 200 cat owners opinions. Paper presents psychometric properties of the personality scales that were developed separately for each species, guidelines for practical application, the key and the procedure for converting the raw scores to the normalized scores for the purpose of diagnosis. The questionnaire can be used both in strictly scientific studies and in a veterinary practice or breeding.
EN
Discussions on the trustworthiness of science concern scientific objectivity. Scientific products, methods, and institutions are objective in three different senses. In each case, the notion of objectivity is applied to the outcomes of the scientific enterprise. This interpretation neglects the human side of objectivity. The trust in science is rational only when it is not grounded in an impersonal view of knowledge. Since trust is a value that connects people, society places its credence not in a system of propositions, a methodology, a tradition, or even—an institution, but rather in the living people that practice science today.
EN
The paper deals with selected aspects of the studies of Orientalism, as it was introduced by E. W. Said in his monograph Orientalism, in the context of Russian colonial experience, with specific features of Russian “internal” and “outer” colonization, as well as with elements of Orientalism reflected in Russian literature. The applicability of E. Said’ theory is demonstrated through an analysis of the poetic works of one of the founders of the Eurasian movement, P. N. Savickij.
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