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EN
The text concerns the most notable, next to Passage through the Red Sea, literary accomplishment of Zofia Romanowiczowa – the 1956 novel Baśka i Barbara. It was the first emigration book to appear on Polish bookselling market, and its two 1958 Polish editions launched a vivid discussion among literary critics, columnists, educationalists, and, the so called, regular readers. It received all due attention for being, first of all, an exquisite and innovative literary text on motherhood. Moreover, however, the book now provides a moving commentary on such current issues as upbringing and education of emigrant children, their identity, bilingualism, and multiculturalism.
Pamiętnik Literacki
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2009
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vol. 100
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issue 1
121-143
EN
The subject of the paper is Seweryna Szmaglewska's book 'Smoke over Birkenau', one of the most significant (as a fact-collecting, intellectual, and artistic) achievement in the domain of Nazi concentration camp literature. The author analyses the book's origin and reception, the documentary value and functions (attesting, accusing, cognitive, etc.) connected with it, and first and foremost its literary and world view dimension. The text shows Szmaglewska's struggle with the form to compose a text expressing the concentration camp reality in possibly most objective way, and the achieved ideological and artistic effects.
EN
The article is devoted to a reception of the novel "Skrytki", recognised as the most outstanding work of Zofia Romanowiczowa, a writer constantly undertaking in her writing the theme of trauma, especially after the totalitarian camps. This work, complicated on the surface of both style and composition, as well as the ideological speech, is primarily a psychological novel, giving a precise and convincing analysis of the spouses feelings immersed in suffering, the source of which is incurable illness of their son. The fate of this emigrant family, settled in France, is marked by – which is subtly indicated in the stylistic operations (including camp imagery) – the specific experiences for the residents of Central and Eastern Europe, particularly from Poland, and especially by the atrocities of the World War II. The main problem of the novel, emphasised on the highest and the most general (parabolic) level of meanings, including by analogy, symbolism, topic, intertextual references, is suffering existing in the world and attempts to overcome it, both in terms of its psychological, historiosophic, and theological dimension. The last of these perspectives, which is associated with the problem of evil, is updated by the writer by positioning (family) tragedy of heroes, and tragic experien ces of the twentieth century in the context of the biblical theme of falling and (generating trauma) expulsion from Paradise, Judeo-Christian tradition, and its heterodox borderlands ("heretical questions").
EN
This article concerns the influence of the most famous Polish poem for children: Lokomotywa by Julian Tuwim, particularly in three “Holocaust” paraphrases of this work, written by children in the ghetto and the concentration camps – the poems Lokomotywa by Jerzy Ogórek, Pociągu świst by Jerzy Orłowski, and especially Bełżec by Janka Hescheles.
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PL
Recenzja: Antoine Compagnon, Demon teorii. Literatura a zdrowy rozsądek, przeł. T. Stróżyński, Gdańsk 2010, wyd. słowo/obraz terytoria, 276 [3] ss.
EN
The review concerns the Polish edition of the book Le démon de la theorie. Littérature et sens by Antoine Compagnon. The book contains a critical analysis of seven central questions of the theory of literature: literariness, the author (intention), the world (representation), the reader, style, history and value.
EN
The article is a contextual interpretation of The Annihilation (Zagłada) by Piotr Szewc, which is one of the most outstanding “mitographical” works of contemporary Polish prose. There are at least three levels of reading the novel. At first the work is a symbolical structure presenting (“predicting” ) the Holocaust, the annihilation of the concrete historical world. Secondly and simultaneously it expresses impossibility of (or problems with) describing and preserving the past in social and individual memory. And finally Szewc, simulating the narration of myth, tries to recreate the world of values which were (are) annihilated, dispersed by totalitarianism: culture heterogeny, pluralism, tolerance, freedom.
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EN
The article centers on the theme of the Holocaust in the literary works of Marian Pankowski: its sources, relations with the concentration camp theme, particular works and their poetics, as well as the aesthetic, social and political problems related to the theme of the Holocaust.
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EN
The metaphor of a journey arranges and explains the literary work by Ryszard Krynicki, its evolution, the presented world, and idea. The journey is one of the most important key words and motifs of Krynicki’s poetry, and a metaphor of human destiny. The term – artistic journey, related to this work, is more than a trite metaphor. Krynicki’s road leads from nothingness, the world without norms, values, the world of illusory existence, towards Nothingness, The Absolute. The writer should be seen as a seeker that completed a fascinating, complicated journey in pursuit of excellence, artistic, moral, and spiritual, as a man responsible for the word. Ryszard Krynicki’s literary journey leads from chaos to cosmos, from logorea to Logos, from the fall to prospective redemption.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy opowiadania Tadeusza Różewicza Wycieczka do muzeum. Rozpatrywane jest ono w kontekście literatury Zagłady, literatury lagrowej oraz utworów aktualizujących temat odwiedzin muzeum byłego obozu koncentracyjnego, w tym tekstów samego Różewicza. Okazuje się, że istotną, dotąd niedostrzeżoną (kamuflowaną przez pisarza) inspiracją, podejmujących motyw wycieczki do muzeum, wierszy Rzeź chłopców i Warkoczyk, a także opowiadania W najpiękniejszym mieście świata oraz dramatu Pułapka, jest relacja Rudolfa Redera z obozu zagłady w Bełżcu. Można przypuszczać, że zarówno ten tekst, jak i inne utwory o charakterze wspomnieniowym, paraliterackim i literackim, traktujące o okrucieństwach drugiej wojny światowej w jakimś stopniu ukształtowały Różewiczowską poetykę „ściśniętego gardła”, przyczyniły się do „prozaizacji żywiołu lirycznego”, ale też uformowały światoobraz pisarza. Medaliony Nałkowskiej oraz proza obozowa Borowskiego stanowią istotny kontekst interpretacyjny Wycieczki do muzeum. Dostrzeżone w twórczości Różewicza ślady wymienionych tekstów (Redera, Nałkowskiej, Borowskiego), a więc także ich lektur, przekonują, że Różewicz wcale nie rozpoczynał, jak się mniema, jako pisarz odwracający się od tego, co tekstualne.
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PL
Przedmiotem artykułu jest tematyka Holokaustu w twórczości Mariana Pankowskiego: jej źródła, związki z tematyką obozową, konkretne dzieła i ich poetyka, a także powiązana z tematem Zagłady problematyka estetyczna, społeczna i polityczna.
EN
The article centres on the theme of Holocaust in literary work of Marian Pankowski: its sources, relations with the concentration camp theme, particular works and their poetics, as well as aesthetic, social and political problems related to the theme of Holocaust.
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EN
The article contains the interpretation of Jacek Bocheński’s Tyberiusz Cezar (2009). This historical novel, which is a polemic with the “black legend” of the Emperor Tiberius, created by Roman historians, especially Tacitus and Suetonius, takes the issue of the historical truth, entanglement in political power, as well as the state of contemporary culture.
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