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EN
Inversion uses change so called natural (neutral) order of words in a sentence for stylistic purposes and as such is especially useful in studies of poetry. The author analyses inversive nominal phrases in baroque poetry (basing on 'Kanikula' and 'Lutnia' by J. A. Morsztyn). Inversion as a linguistic phenomenon consists in linear extension of textual structures or in transforming basic (initial) linear variants of a given syntactic structure. Extension and transforming are achieved by using a permutation - which means here a transformative rule that changes the linear variant (normative and unmarked) into a different word order - not normative and stylistically marked. There are four types of inversive permutations in nominal phrases (considering types of changes of order): 1. extending, 2. modifying 3. mutational and 4. cumulative. Extending permutations results in replacing of continuous syntactic structures by uncontinuous structures because the elements of a group are moved to far preposition or postposition. Modifying transformations change basic linear structures into variants of orders without changing internal structure of normative systems, i.e. without replacement of configurational systems by other configurational systems or concentric systems by other concentric systems. Mutational permutations change basic linear models in a way that they break (destroy) normative order and introduce a completely new one in its place - they replace concentric systems by configurational, and configurational by nonconfigurational (circumposition and transposition). Cumulative permutations are combinations of modifying or mutational transformation and extending transformation. In the last part of the article the author shows how baroque poetry of J.A. Morsztyn is filled with different types of inversion.
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EN
The collocations were excerpted from official texts found on notice boards in Tarnów district. They were analysed in three aspects: methodological and structural, lexicographical and educational. First, the subject of the text containing collocations was defined, then their formal and grammatical structures were described as well as their lexical contents. The collocations were classified into four groups concerning whether the words used in them belong to general Polish or are used only in its certain variants. As a result the author could describe how many idioms are found in different classes of collocations and he proposed new, rational way of teaching idioms at school.
EN
Nouns such as rain, star, rock, winter function as centres of poetic nominal constructions (PNC) in the old and contemporary Polish poetry. These constructions consist of nouns and adjectives (synchronically not motivated) and they do not appear in common language but only in rhyming pieces. Their analysis considers: their frequency, syntactic productivity of their compounds (polyproductive and monoproductive adjectives / nouns) and their distribution in texts in various literary periods (poly- and mono- distributive PNC). Basing on the analysed material the author observes systematic grow of PNC in successive phases of a development of the Polish literature. He also demonstrates quantitative changes of various constructions and points out those polydistributive constructions that might cross borders of poetic language and find their place in common phraseology.
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