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Some Controversies Connected with the Origin of the Albanians, Their Territorial Cradle and Ethnonym

100%
Szczepanski W.
Sprawy Narodowościowe
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2005
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issue 26
81-96
EN
This article examines controversies arising in 19th and 20th century scholarly (as well as popular) works related to the ethnogenesis of Albanians and their ethnohistoric territory. It also touches on some issues concerning the Albanian ethnonym and its origin. The author contends that, despite the existence of only limited traces of the language of the ancient Illyrians, scholars speak strongly in favor of the Illyrian theory of the origin of Albanians. Other theories, e.g. Thracian and Daco-Mysian (and combined Daco-Thracian) ones, are slighted, especially by Albanian scholars. On linguistic grounds numerous ties between the Albanian and Romanian languages have been proved, suggesting a common formation in the past remote centuries. Thus, the author maintains that due to this connection attempts to combine the Illyrian theory with some elements of the Daco-Mysian (or Daco-Thracian) theory may occur in the future. Another issue discussed in the article concerns the potential, overlooked by some authors, to ignore the threat of the political propagandist use of the theory of the ancient ethnogensis of Albanians. For example, Serb scholars raise doubts concerning the 'capacity' of the term 'Illyrians' and object to the idea that Dardans could be termed 'Illyrians'.The author also presents past and present views on Albanian territorial issues and maintains that the Albanians can legitimately be associated with the territory of Albanopolis and the tribe of Albanoi, though not before the time of Medieval sources - despite the fact that the two names were recorded by Ptolemy. Accordingly, to associate the Albanians with the entire ancient Illyria is to introduce another controversial issue.
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MYTHS AND STEREOTYPES. THE ATTITUDE OF SERBIAN ELITES TO ALBANIANS FROM THE KOSOVO VILAYET (1878-1912)

100%
Szczepanski W.
Przegląd Zachodni
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2007
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issue 3(324)
143-156
EN
The article presents myths and stereotypes manifested in Serbo-Albanian relations in the years 1878-1912 as a significant influence that shaped the attitude of Serbs towards Albanians from the Kosovo vilayet in that period. The study is narrowed down to this Osman province as the scene of a full spectrum of neighbourly relations between representatives of both nations, not free from dramatic clashes and bloody incidents. The attitude of Serbs to Albanians was determined by the viewpoint of myths as well as the presence of stereotype images and descriptions, so the treatment of the topic takes into account the outlook of the Serbian elites (from Belgrade, the local elite of Kosovo, and Serbian diplomatic representatives in service abroad). The testimonies left by them provided source evidence accessible directly in the documentary material, and indirectly in the works of historians who used and interpreted the material. The article also refers to the author's own findings, included in his as yet unpublished doctoral dissertation (Serbs and Albanians in the Years 1878-1918, June 2005). In disclosing the myths present in Serbo-Albanian relations on the turn of the 19th and 20th century, thus also in the attitude of the Serbian elite to Albanians, and reflected as well in the then emerging 'Albanian issue', attention is drawn to the Serbian myth of Kosovo, the Serbian myth of the 'Golden Age', Serbian and Albanian heroic myths and the Albanian myth of the nation's origin. The fact that Serbs justified their nation's rights to the territory of the Kosovo vilayet by referring to the first of the above mentioned myths whereas Albanians based their claims to the disputed territories on last one, inevitably led to conflicts, which often evolved from milder forms to open confrontations with the use of force.
3

The Significance of Catholicism for Albanian National Renascence and the Construction of the Albanian State (Second Half of the Nineteenth Century - Early Twentieth Century)

100%
Szczepanski W.
Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
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2007
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vol. 42
5-15
EN
Existing literature on the subject correctly accentuates the fact that the conception of Albanian national identity is essentially based on non-religious factors. This thesis is usually supported by the opinion of Pashko Vasa, one of the prominent ideologues of the Albanian renascence: 'The religion of the Albanians is Albanianism'. Without undermining heretofore findings, the presented text draws attention to the question, often neglected by researchers, of the significance for the national Albanian revival (the turn of the nineteenth century) of numerous and varied undertakings pursued in the domain of the creed. Important accomplishments for the formation of modern Albanian identity, the progress of Albanian culture, and the construction of an Albanian state should be ascribed to the activity of Albanian Christians representing both rites (Western and Eastern). The text focuses on the cultural, educational and political achievements of Albanian Catholics. The accomplishments of individuals and monastic orders (especially the Jesuits and the Franciscans) were truly imposing. Another noteworthy fact is the connection between Albanians and Catholicism (particularly conspicuous among the Mirdits) which contributed to a situation in which Albanian political strivings and the national liberation and state-oriented projects from the turn of the nineteenth century enjoyed the understanding and backing of states playing an important political, economic and cultural role in the Balkans. This holds particularly true for Austro-Hungary and Italy.
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