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1

BETWEEN FASCINATION AND DISAPPOINTMENT: NEW YORK IN THE WARSAW PRESS OF THE LATE XIX CENTURY (Miedzy fascynacja a rozczarowaniem:Nowy Jork w prasie warszawskiej z drugiej polowy XIX wieku)

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Stocka A.
Białostockie Teki Historyczne
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2011
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vol. 9
99-116
EN
For the majority of foreigners who came to New York in the XIX c., New York was the place where they took their first steps on American continent. As it was also the case with correspondents of the Polish press, one should not be surprised by the fact that they focused on this city. Their observations were useful for those who planned their trip to the United States, yet above all they were a source of information and resulting from it expectations concerning the biggest American metropolis. This paper deals with the presentation of New York in the Polish press of the XIX c. Such a profound interest in American issues in the Polish press might be a surprise, as in the Russian partition emigrational movement developed only in the eighties of the XIX c. Even though the items of news coming from America were not as numerous as e.g. from Paris, London or other European capitals, taking into account the distance, their number was quite considerable. Comments on their stay in New York were delivered among others by Kalikst Wolski, Roger Lubienski, Maksymilian Jatowt, Julian Horain, Krystyna Narbutt, Jan Karlowicz, Feliks Fryze, yet above others, by Henryk Sienkiewicz. Polish news desks posted also fragments of descriptions by foreign travelers in America (Louis Prosper Ernest Duvergier de Hauranne, Louis Laurent Simonin). There is no doubt that newcomers could not be indifferent to New York: some were fascinated, others disappointed. The metropolis stunned by its size, traffic, the number of various factories, commercial and service companies but also by its terriffic views. Visitors to New York noticed that the city, unlike old European metropolises, did not have any monuments, which added to the character and uniqueness of those places.
2
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Mit amerykańskiego Zachodu na łamach czasopisma „Wędrowiec” (1863–1906)

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Stocka A.
Białostockie Teki Historyczne
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2015
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vol. Białostockie Teki Historyczne, 2015, tom 13
EN
In the article I have examined the way in which the American West of 1863–1906 was shown in the Warsaw magazine “Wędrowiec”. I have mainly focused on articles published from the late 1870s to the year 1906, when the last issue of the weekly appeared. I have chosen this specific magazine, because it specialized in issues concerning geography and travel. Throughout the period when “Wędrowiec” was published, the subject of the American West of 1863–1906 appeared in over 150 issues. Thus, one may risk a statement that the subject was quite popular with the readers. It is also to be stressed that no other region of the USA was given so much attention as the West. The magazine published the highest number of articles in the 1870s and 1880s. In the 1890s and at the beginning of the twentieth century the subject appeared only sporadically, which was due to both the change in the nature of the magazine and smaller interest of the readers in the United States. The subject of the American West, complex and exotic, was very attractive. However, with time and with the progress in the colonization process, it was difficult to find topics which had not been discussed up till then. Despite that, all major changes taking place in this region were duly observed. Also regions which earlier had not caused much interest among readers started to be reported on. The readers could also observe changes in the image of the Far West. Articles appearing in “Wędrowiec” throughout the period it was published dealt mainly with: Indians, Mormons and the Chinese. Other inhabitants of this area did not attract so much attention.
3
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Amerykańskie Południe po wojnie secesyjnej w świetle prasy warszawskiej z lat 1865–1885

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Stocka A.
Białostockie Teki Historyczne
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2014
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vol. Białostockie Teki Historyczne, 2014, tom 12
EN
The article shows the American South in the period of the twenty years following the Civil War, as presented in Warsaw press – both in dailies and periodicals – after the January Uprising. It is worth mentioning that historiography provides several definitions of the South. Some scholars limit it to the states which left the Union in 1861. Yet, according to a more popular view, this region includes all states where slavery existed. It refers to the area situated south of Pennsylvania, below the so-called Mason-Dixon line. In this article the latter definition of the South is used. In the first years after the Civil War information on difficult situation of the South was regularly provided by Warsaw press, mainly by daily newspapers. These were usually reprints of western, primarily German, but also Belgian, English or French columns. They informed both about destructions resulting from military actions that had been conducted mostly in this area and the difficult situation of people living in this region. However, they neither informed broadly about the South, about its particular states nor presented an insightful analysis of the problems the region had to cope with. Warsaw dailies paid a lot of attention to the American South right after the Civil War. When the situation in the region stabilized, the interest in the region diminished and the publications became rather sporadic. Periodicals, on the other hand, wrote about the South only occasionally, usually when they got reports from the travelers. Poles rarely visited this region, so the reports were not very numerous. It is to be admitted that the South of that time was attractive neither to foreign visitors nor settlers. Sygurd Wiśniowski, writing for the magazine for women “Tygodnik Mód i Powieści”, was the one who reported about the region in the most extensive way. He had the indispensable knowledge, as in the years 1975–1876 he had organized an expedition to the American South.
4

THE CENTENARY OF THE SIGNING OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE - ECHOES IN THE WARSAW PRESS (Echa obchodów setnej rocznicy podpisania przez USA Deklaracji Niepodleglosci w prasie warszawskiej)

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Stocka A.
Białostockie Teki Historyczne
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2008
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vol. 6
95-112
EN
Each year on July 4 Americans celebrate subsequent anniversaries of the signing of the Declaration of Independence. On that day numerous federal and private events take place. In 1876 Americans decided to celebrate the centenary of gaining independence in a special way - with the main feast on July 4 and minor events throughout the whole year. The complexity of some festivities required starting extensive preparations even a few years earlier. The biggest attraction of the celebrations was the International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures and Products of Soil and Mine organized in Philadelphia. This undertaking, due to its international character, caused the greatest interest abroad. This article focuses on reports describing celebrations of the centenary in the Warsaw press in the years 1873-1877. The first articles appeared in 1873, when the president officially declared that the exhibition would be the focal point of the celebrations. From that time on the Polish press tried to follow subsequent stages in the preparations for the exhibition. The authoress of this article describes the impressions of Polish correspondents observing the festivities of 1876 and the contribution of Poles in the celebrations. Numerous articles on the centenary printed in Polish newspapers and periodicals reflected a great interest in the topic. Editors sent their correspondents to the United States in order to have immediate and direct relations. Sygurd Wisniowski was the one who wrote the greatest number of reports. He shared his impressions with 'Gazeta Polska', 'Tygodnik Ilustrowany', 'Klosy' oraz 'Tygodnik Mód i Powiesci'. Jan Karlowicz wrote for 'Bluszcz' and 'Biblioteka Warszawska'. It is worth mentioning that Polish correspondents focused on the exhibition in Philadelphia because of its international character. Polish correspondents perceived it as one of the most extraordinary events of those days. Such a conclusion may be drawn on the basis of numerous extensive articles in the Warsaw press. Their authors were fascinated by the magnitude of the exhibition. They also admired Americans for their efficiency in organizing such a worldwide known event.
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ODNOWA I REURBANIZACJA TERENÓW MIESZKANIOWYCH NA PRZYKŁADZIE DZIELNICY WILHELMSBURG (NIEMCY)

51%
Mańkowska J., Palasz P., Stocka A.
Przestrzeń, Ekonomia, Społeczeństwo
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2018
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issue 14/II
111-124
PL
Na skutek występowania zjawisk suburbanizacji i dezurbanizacji, śródmieścia wielu miast europejskich utraciły swoją atrakcyjność i możliwości rozwoju. Wyludniające się centralne dzielnice ulegają degradacji, pojawiają się konflikty społeczne. Aby odwrócić negatywne procesy zachodzące w przestrzeni, konieczne jest doprowadzenie do reurbanizacji, czyli ponownego napływu mieszkańców do obszarów centralnych. Można to osiągnąć przez odnowę miast, w której skład wchodzą takie działania jak: rewitalizacja, rehabilitacja czy modernizacja. Wiąże się to zarówno z odnową struktury przestrzennej, jak i demograficznej. W artykule zostały przedstawione instrumenty odnowy miasta, które zostały wykorzystane w mieszkaniowo-przemysłowej dzielnicy Wilhelmsburg w Hamburgu (Niemcy): IBA (Międzynarodowa Wystawa Budowlana) oraz IGS (Międzynarodowa Wystawa Ogrodnicza). W ramach systemu generowania innowacji miejskich w niemieckim mieście zaproponowano wielowymiarowe podejście do odnowy zaniedbanej dzielnicy Hamburga. Zadaniem projektów podejmowanych w ramach IBA było przystosowanie dzielnicy do zmian klimatycznych, wydobycie potencjału w postaci centralnego położenia w mieście oraz budowanie współpracy i porozumienia między mieszkańcami. W artykule przedstawiono kilka najciekawszych rozwiązań z każdej kategorii projektów. Element dopełniający szereg przemian stanowiła Międzynarodowa Wystawa Ogrodnicza, która przyczyniła się do realizacji inwestycji infrastrukturalnych, związanych z poprawą komunikacji oraz udostępnieniem nowo urządzonych terenów zielonych dla mieszkańców całego miasta. Zrealizowane w Wilhelmsburgu pionierskie projekty z zakresu technologii, ochrony środowiska czy edukacji i integracji społecznej mogą służyć jako modelowe przykłady rozwiązania uniwersalnych problemów współczesnych metropolii.
EN
Many of the European cities have lost their attractiveness, stopping their growth due to suburbanization and disurbanization. As a result, depopulating central districts are being degraded and social conflicts are emerging. In order to reverse those unfavorable processes, it is necessary to induce reurbanization, i. e. the movement of people back to the inner city. This can be achieved through the program of urban renewal, which includes all activities – such as revitalization, rehabilitation and modernization – but also by taking interest in both spatial and demographic aspects of the problem. The article presents two city renewal instruments that have been used in the residential and industrial district of Wilhelmsburg, Hamburg, Germany: IBA (International Building Exhibition) alongside with IGS (International Horticultural Exhibition). A multidimensional approach to the renewal of the neglected district of Hamburg was proposed. The goal of IBA projects was to adapt the city to climate change, to achieve the potential laying within the central location in the city and to create cooperation and compliance between residents. IGS turned out to be complementary towards those transformations and contributed to building several infrastructural projects, many of them related to the improvement of transport and creating new green areas available to the citizens. The pioneering projects carried out in Wilhelmsburg can serve as a model examples of technological, environmental, educational and social solutions to universal problems of contemporary metropolis.
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