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  1. 2 Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)

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  1. 2 2009

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  1. 2 Simonides D.

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Středověké exemplum a současný folklor

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Simonides D.
Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)
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2009
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vol. 19
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issue 4
250-259
EN
The study deals with both the view of the importance of exempla, and the rarely applied methodological procedure, i.e. the interpretation of contemporary front-page stories telling as a parallel to medieval exempla telling. The incorporation of exempla and folklore tales within the context of culture, level of education and 'everyday life', which features with a rapid rate and new ways in disseminating the information - opposite to the Middle Ages - is of great importance. The co-existences of different social classes, traditions and cultures play an important role. Exempla are understood as a certain type of bridges built between folklore and literature by the activities of medieval preachers. Both the ethic function of exempla and their role in creation of cultural and historical consciousness are pointed-out. Many exempla converted into other folklore kinds during their development. When interpreting the exempla and contemporary front-page stories, the attention is to be turned to the 'narrative situation' and the recipient. The variability of a story is caused by the actualization of place, time and circumstances in which the story is set. A folklorist is to observe this procedure.
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Obyčej v životě člověka v minulosti a dnes

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Simonides D.
Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)
|
2009
|
vol. 19
|
issue 2
75-83
EN
The term 'custom' is not always used explicity in science. It has three meanings, at least. The first one is a way of behaviour, the second one specifies habits and rites aimed at aesthetical needs of the society, while the third one is connected with unwritten customary law. In life, however, we do not meet those meanings separately but they penetrate each other. We always must take into consideration the time and social conditionality of the analyzed phenomena. A (family, work, local) community is the bearer of customs. The contemporary communities often differ from those traditional ones. A present human does not submit to the press of the environment in which he/she lives. The cause can be seen in the world view change and in the modification of ethos. The cease of traditional customs, which were based on the system of values accepted by the majority, results, however, in the lability of moral standards and the revitalization of ethnic behaviour.
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