Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie wyników badań dotyczących zmian konsumpcji usług transportu pasażerskiego w Polsce w latach 2003-2012 i wskazanie przyczyn tych zmian. W tym celu przeanalizowano dane statystyczne dotyczące różnych parametrów opisujących wielkość i strukturę konsumpcji tych usług.Zastosowano analizę statystyczną i porównawczą. Zauważono, że zmiany konsumpcji usług transportowych w badanym okresie miały charakter koniunkturalny (wskazano na procykliczność konsumpcji usług transportowych). Ponadto były one związane z procesami, które nastąpiły w otoczeniu społeczno-gospodarczym sektora transportu po wejściem Polski do Unii Europejskiej (w szczególności z masową emigracją zarobkową Polaków do innych krajów UE). Przedstawione wyniki są istotne z punktu widzenia prowadzenia polityki transportowej, ponieważ wskazują kierunki zmian popytu na usługi transportowej i przyczyny tych zmian w określonych warunkach gospodarczych.
EN
An aim of the article is to present findings of the research of changes in consumption of passenger transport services in Poland in 2003-2012 as well as to indicate the reasons for those changes. For this purpose there were analysed the statistical data concerning various parameters describing the volume and pattern of consumption of those services. The author applied the statistical and comparative analysis. It is noticed that changes of consumption of transport services in the period in question had the nature of business cycles (the author indicated the pro-cyclical nature of consumption of transport services). Moreover, they were connected with the processes that took place in the socioeconomic environment of the transport sector upon Poland’s accession to the European Union (in particular, with the Poles’ mass earning emigration to other EU countries). The obtained results are important from the point of view of implementation of the transport policy as they indicate the directions of changes in demand for transport services and the reasons for those changes under definite economic conditions.
Ancillary revenue is the most dynamically growing group of revenue in airlines as they seek new sources of income in this low-margin sector. The paper identifies individual sources of this sort of revenue proposes a typology of ancillary revenue with three main categories: unbundled products, commission-based ancillaries and other. Unbundling and offering new products and services was named as the main source of extra revenue for airlines. Special attention was given to the differences between network legacy carriers and low cost carriers in terms of ancillary revenue. The analysis showed that while LCCs show the way, NLCs keep following closer and closer.
Mobility is one of the most important factors to be considered in planning transport development. Mobility needs and patterns determine the use of transport means and infrastructure, therefore the scope of investment in new infrastructure or decisions to modernize already existing infrastructure elements should always be backed by a proper mobility analysis. The paper is devoted to the phenomenon of ‘white elephants’ in air transport, i. e. expensive to build as well as to maintain and at the same time useless airports. The decision to build such airports is not justified by a reliable socio-economic analysis but usually is a result of overgrown ambitions of the investor. Inherent characteristics of such investments is high capital intensity, overestimation of future usage, many deficiencies and low-quality solutions. The analysis of the ‘white elephants’ phenomenon is important not only because such investments lead to economic inefficiencies but also this wrong allocation may result in an excessive infrastructure supply in some areas while other remain underinvested, which may lead to a suboptimal development of mobility and may also skew mobility patterns.
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