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Gustav Landauer

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Tomek V.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

2009

vol. 57

issue 4

577-587

The German leftist intellectual Gustav Landauer, who died 90 years ago, is a fascinating and – from the Czech point of view – rather overlooked figure in the German literature of his time, as well as a significant personality in libertarian thought and its political movement. His intellectual world stems from the socialist thinking and from the sources of historical anarchism of the nineteenth century, especially from the federalism of Proudhon and from the ideas of Bakunin and Kropotkin, but also from the intellectual and spiritual context of the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. Landauer’s vision of co-operative socialism, founded on freedom and justice, was not to be put off to some distant time after a long-expected revolutionary breakthrough; it arose instead in the context of a present in which it was assumed that the active combination of individual and community might be realised. Landauer’s theoretical activity culminated in his most significant work The Call to Socialism (1911). The dynamic of his utopian thought arose from the real possibility of socialism at whatever time, if there is sufficient will and endeavour on the part of individuals associated in a community. He put forward a co-operative socialism of the community in which the socialist spirit was constituted by the inner sense of belonging of all individuals voluntarily associating. His conception of socialism did not involve a one-off state, but rather his anarchism presented a continuous revolt against all which stood in the way of the diversity of life. The influence of Landauer’s thought was detectable in a wide range of his contemporaries such as Rudolf Rocker, Erich Mühsam, Martin Buber, Ernst Bloch, and Walter Benjamin. New interest in his thought has arisen from the revival of anarchism in the Sixties, witnessed especially in the new German editions of his works and the numerous monographical contributions.

K charakterizaci anarchismu 19. století prostřednictvím jeho vybraných osobností

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Tomek V.

Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)

2018

vol. 104

issue 3

487-515

In the second half of the 19th century, anarchism presents itself in certain characteristic signs and manifestations. Although the representatives of anarchism themselves willingly emphasize the originality of their ideas and their resistance to doctrine, their ideas come closer in the radical critique of economic and social relations, in the criticism of the Church and religion, as well as the sharp criticism of the other political parties, but at the same time they differ in their individual accents of their negation of the existing circumstances. The anarchistic level of their critique leads them from individual negation all the way to demands for a radical transformation of society, to different ideas about the nature of revolutionary behaviour, and the character of revolutionary change. From there, various forms and concepts of the future “post-revolution” society, visions of the anticipated freedom, on the character of the new social relations developed. For the characterization of the anarchism of the given period, the personalities of its French representative Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, the Russian revolutionary Mikhail Bakunin, the former German MP Johann Most, the original scientist Peter Kropotkin and the university educated German socialist Gustav Landauer and the entirely differently thinking Young Hegelian Max Stirner were chosen.

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1 Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

1 Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)

2 Tomek V.

1 2018

1 2009

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Gustav Landauer

K charakterizaci anarchismu 19. století prostřednictvím jeho vybraných osobností