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REASONS, MOTIVES, AND MORAL IDENTITY (Racje, motywy, tozsamosc moralna)

100%
Gornicka J.
Analiza i Egzystencja. Czasopismo Filozoficzne
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2008
|
issue 8
5-20
EN
The authoress asks what is moral identity: is it psychological or only heuristic being; is it normative structure dependent on reason or something dependent on emotional motives; is it a kind of reaction and behavior or a specific indescribable experience? The article shows several philosophical projects to construct moral subjectivity. The authoress claims that both personal identity and moral subjectivity are concepts referring to psychological reality and normative reality. They are useful for social life, law and pedagogy but philosophically controversial. We are part of empirical world and we are universe for ourselves. There are first-person analyses of human conscience and third-person analyses of human character as natural fact. These are two main ways to treat moral subjectivity.
2

Emotions as a moral Sanction in Mill's and Hume's Philosophy

100%
Gornicka J.
|
2006
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vol. 15
|
issue 4(60)
193-205
EN
The utilitarianism of J.S. Mill is similar in some respects to the moral philosophy of David Hume. In both theories the idea of emotional sources of moral experience is derived from empirical epistemology; in both theories emotions operate as sanctions of moral choices and moral acts. However as Mill's normative preferences are quite clear, Hume's position is a descriptive one: he only analyses human nature and psychological aspects of moral choice without adopting any axiological standpoint. It seems also interesting to compare the idea of justice, as a so-called social virtue, in Hume's theory with the same idea in Mill. The two philosophers recognize its deep psychological roots and its important role in everyday moral life.
3

Sartre Revisited: 'Les jeux sont faits'

100%
Gornicka J.
Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria
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2005
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vol. 14
|
issue 4(56)
305-310
EN
The protagonists of the drama 'Huis clos' are condemned to sleeplessness and incessant criticism by others. They find this situation painful and surprising. As every one of us, they believe that the ultimate truth about ourselves must be private, subjective and accessible only to our own conscience and memory. When suddenly they are judged by others, they feel mortified, and do not even care if the judgment is harsh or lenient. It must be so, because the world is a meaningful and hospitable place to us only if it is a world of our own dreams, myths and fulfilled desires. If it is not, we feel alienated and rejected. This is why we make such high demands on others. We want them to act as mirrors of our lives and characters. We want to see our reflection in their eyes, but we cannot reconcile ourselves with negative opinions they may hold about us. Thus our existence depends on public acceptance, which is hard to win if all facts concerning our lives are made public. But without public acceptance we as well as cease to exist.
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