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EN
This article addresses the sense of national identity of the Macedonians in the period of the Balkan wars and their aftermath. The first source material were used journalistic texts and calls in the journal „Makedonskij Golos” published by Macedonian expatriates gathered around Dimitrija Čupovski in St. Petersburg in the years 1913-1914. Second was diary Dnevnik) written by Krste Petkov Misirkov in 1913. Expression of these two major characters in the Macedonian history reflect geopolitical policies conducted in the Slavic population in the Balkans. It is an important source material documenting the national consciousness of intelligence derived from the Macedonian lands. This indicates that the main topics which were then undertaken focused on the defense of the whole Macedonian territory, aspirations to create their own state and diversified approach to the idea of the Slavic community.
PL
This paper addresses the sense of national identity of the Macedonians in the period of the Balkan wars and their aftermath. The first source material were used journalistic texts and calls in the journal „Makedonskij Golos” published by Macedonian expatriates gathered around Dimitrija Čupovski in St. Petersburg in the years 1913-1914. Second was diary Dnevnik) written by Krste Petkov Misirkov in 1913. Expression of these two major characters in the Macedonian history reflect geopolitical policies conducted in the Slavic population in the Balkans. It is an important source material documenting the national consciousness of intelligence derived from the Macedonian lands. This indicates that the main topics which were then undertaken focused on the defense of the whole Macedonian territory, aspirations to create their own state and diversified approach to the idea of the Slavic community.
EN
Balkan complexes of “worse Europe” in works of Ermis LafazanovskiOver the centuries, the European continent was divided into different spaces according to different axes: both geopolitical and economic history of East and West and the historical and geocultural division into North and South. Differentiation was present in Europe in vari­ous ways, either by the use of geographical terms, which became the indicators of difference, or how the politicians wanted to see it – split into Western Europe, Eastern Europe or Central and Eastern Europe. They represent the heterogeneity and diverse influences of civilization, that are reflected in its culture.The division into different cultural spaces is mirrored in the literature. Here, from a broad selection of south Slavic literature, for the basis of analysis two works of contemporary Macedo­nian writer Ermis Lafazanovski were selected: novel Hrapeshko and short story Exotic cantata. They reveal the existence of cultural differences and traditions, represented in the antinomies friend–foe, top–down which show spatial differences in Europe burdened by her stereotypes.
EN
The aim of the article was to show the relationship between Bulgaria and Europe in the past and of the present-day. The material used here comprises the texts of Western authors who perpetuated and still perpetuate the condescending treatment of Bulgarians and Bulgaria. The opinions of the Bulgarians about Europe were also presented. It was observed that the negative image of this country is determined by its location in the Balkans. The literature of the Western authors has preserved the idea of the Balkans as a battlefield between East and West, between barbarity and civilization. The border between Europe and the Balkans was understood in the past as a journey from civilization into the wild, from freedom to tyranny. Undoubtedly, the centuries of Turkish rule have left its mark on the inhabitants and culture of the Balkans. Bulgarians inhabiting a part of the Balkan Peninsula automatically found themselves in a part of the continent ill-perceived by the “Western world”. On the other hand, among the Bulgarians, as part of the Slavic world, there is a complex of underestimation and pursuit of Europe. Terms and wording related to the backwardness and catching up with Europe have become an element of the Bulgarian discourse. Bulgarian thinking duplicates stereotypes about the glory of the West and the Europeanization which they aspire to.
PL
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EN
Slavic visions of the modernitas idea A review of the new collective volume Fabryka Słowian. Modernizacje [Slavic Factory. Modernizations], ed. Danuta Sosnowska, Warszawa: Wydział Polonistyki UW, 2017, 407 pp., which is the first part of the research project envisaged for a four-volume series. The publication consists of an introduction written by the editor, the record of a discussion on the leading theme, and eleven articles concerning the titular modernizations, and may be seen as a part of the interdisciplinary trend of contemporary Slavic studies. Słowiańskie ujęcia idei modernitas Recenzja tomu zbiorowego Fabryka Słowian. Modernizacje, red. nauk. Danuta Sosnowska, Warszawa: Wydział Polonistyki UW, 2017, ss. 407, który stanowi pierwszą część projektu badawczego przewidzianego dla czterotomowej serii. Publikacja, składająca się ze wstępu redaktor naukowej, zapisu dyskusji nad tematem wiodącym oraz jedenastu artykułów poświęconych tytułowym modernizacjom, wpisuje się w nurt interdyscyplinarnych współczesnych badań slawistycznych.
RU
Проведенный анализ показывает, что негативный образ иезуитов в словарях и энциклопедических статьях XIX и начала XX веков вытекает из общей религиозной установки – негативного отношения православия к католицизму и к иезуитам, как представителям этой конфессии. Источником отрицательности дефиниций советского периода является социалистическая идеология и борьба c религией вообще. Нейтральность определений понятия иезуит в словарях XXI века, сто лет после возникновения негативного образа иезуитов, не имеет значения, так как она не может уже изменить, заложенного веками в памяти общества представления.
EN
Tekst poświęcony jest monografii wyróżnionej w 23. edycji konkursu o Nagrodę im. prof. Jerzego Skowronka. Jej autor, Marinko Zekić, odnosząc się do sytuacji kulturowej, społecznej i wyznaniowej Bośni i Hercegowiny, w szerokim kontekście historycznym ukazał kwestię funkcjonowania muzułmanów na świecie w przeszłości i współcześnie. Podjął się próby odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy przemiany dokonujące się obecnie prowadzą do islamizacji świata zachodniego, czy raczej do modernizacji świata islamu. Dla znalezienia odpowiedzi Marinko Zekić wskazał przyczyny, przebieg wzajemnych kontaktów i zarysował ich potencjalne następstwa w przyszłości. Bosnia and Herzegovina in the religious context of modern Europe. The process of Westernisation of Islam and Islamisation of the WestIn the review a book is discussed that addresses crucial issues of coexistence of culturally and religiously diverse societies. Its author, referring to the cultural, social and religious situation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in a broad historical context has shown the issue of functioning of the Muslims throughout the world in the past and presently. The review mentions that Marinko Zekić undertook an attempt to answer the question whether the present changes are leading to an Islamisation of the Western world or rather to a modernisation of the Islamic world. He also showed the reasons for mutual relations, their history and sketched their possible future consequences. The history of Islam and mutual relations between the Muslim world and the West were based on a thorough source material and a reinterpretation of the researchers’ opinions, as the author referred to the issue of threats and the vigorous dispute about the future of Western culture that strongly polarises the public opinion. M. Zekić analysed deeply the reasons for these concerns and finds them in the radical Islamic movements that result in the painful experience of terrorism. Босния и Герцеговина в религиозном контексте современной Европы. Процесс вестернизации ислама и исламизации ЗападаВ рецензионной статье была рассмотрена проблематика книги, которая занимается существенными вопросами сосуществования культурно и религиозно разнообразных обществ. Ее автор, ссылаясь на культурное, общественное и религиозное положение Боснии и Герцеговины в широком историческом контексте, сосредоточился на вопросе функционирования мусульман в мире в прошлом и настоящем. В обсуждении монографии было указано, что Маринко Зекич предпринял попытку ответить на вопрос: ведут ли происходящие сейчас перемены к исламизации Западного мира или к модернизации исламского мира?. При этом он показал причины, развитие взаимных контактов и начертил их потенциальные последствия в будущем. История ислама и взаимные отношения между мусульманским миром и Западом были основаны на тщательно подобранных первоисточниках и переосмыслении суждений исследователей, так как автор отнесся к проблематике угроз и стихийногоспора о будущем западной культуры, сильно поляризующего общественное мнение. М. Зекич глубоко проанализировал причины этих страхов, находя их в радикальных исламских движениях, которых результатом является болезненный опыт терроризма.
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