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1

NEURONAL CORRELATES OF VISUAL AWARENESS: GLOBALISTS CONTRA ANTIGLOBALISTS

100%
Jaskowski P.
Psychological Studies
|
2004
|
vol. 42
|
issue 4
29-40
EN
What makes cerebral activity conscious? What differentiates conscious from non-conscious cerebral activity? This problem is known as the search for neuronal correlates of consciousness. The article reviews critically current topics concerning the more restricted issue, namely, the neural correlates of visual awareness. Two main views are described. Advocates of one view claim that a specific brain region or set of regions must be active. The others tend to assume that the crucial is the type of activity taking place. In spite of a remarkable progress of neuroscientific research of visual awareness the problem remains still unsolved.
2

A ROLE OF MASK IN MOTOR PRIMING

100%
Jaskowski P.
Kolokwia Psychologiczne (Psychological Colloquia)
|
2006
|
vol. 14
163-174
EN
Masked stimuli (primes) can affect preparation of a motor response to subsequently presented target stimuli. In numerous studies it has been shown that the priming effect develops in time being biphasic: straight (benefits for compatible and costs for incompatible trials) for short primetarget temporal distances and inverse (benefits for incompatible and costs for compatible trials) for long ones. It is the matter of the current debate what is the second phase triggered by. According to the self-inhibition (SI) hypothesis, motor response elicited by a prime is automatically followed by an inhibition phase provided that the prime is effectively masked. The object-updating (OU) hypothesis assumes that this phase is triggered by the mask provided that it contains features calling for the response alternative to that preparation of which was induced by the prime. Our last behavioral and electrophysiological results suggest that the priming depends on the temporal position of the mask and that this modulating effect is present even though the prime is fully visible and has no relevant features. These findings contradict both the SI and OU hypothesis. They are, however, consistent with the mask-triggered inhibition (MTI) hypothesis which assumes that the mask triggers the inhibition of the prime-induced activation more or less independent of the mask content.
3

SUBLIMINAL PRIMING AS A METHOD OF CONSCIOUSNESS INVESTIGATIONS

63%
Skalska B., Jaskowski P.
Psychological Studies
|
2005
|
vol. 43
|
issue 2
91-100
EN
The authors reviewed research concerning detection and recognition of stimuli without conscious awareness. Such approach is considered to be a convenient paradigm enabling to investigate features and functions of consciousness. One particular form of such dissociation between recognition and consciousness is subliminal priming. The results of experiments on subliminal priming were compared with analogical experiments where recognitions of stimuli were associated with conscious awareness. Such comparison enabled to indicate several functions of consciousness which occur only if consciousness mediates the task performance. Subliminal stimuli cannot perform strategic control over behavior, cannot trigger behavior which is not consistent with subject's intention and their effect may be rather imprecise.
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